Nokea
Which of the following is an environmental factor and increases the risk of cancer?
- A. Gender.
- B. Nutrition.
- C. Immunologic status.
- D. Age.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nutrition is an environmental factor that influences cancer risk, as diets high in processed foods or low in fiber can increase the risk of cancers like colon cancer.
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A 56-year-old cancer survivor feels guilty at the 'I Can Cope' meetings. The nurse can help him manage his feelings of guilt by pointing out that:
- A. He is really angry at the terminally ill clients in the group.
- B. He is experiencing very volatile emotions.
- C. This is a spiritual response to his illness.
- D. This is a normal reaction when surviving a life-threatening experience.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Survivor guilt is a normal reaction for cancer survivors, especially in support groups, and acknowledging this helps the client process their emotions.
The primary goal for the client with Buerger's disease is to prevent:
- A. Embolus formation
- B. Fat embolus formation
- C. Thrombophlebitis
- D. Gangrene
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The primary goal in Buerger's disease is to prevent gangrene, as the condition causes severe arterial and venous inflammation, leading to occlusion and tissue ischemia. Smoking cessation and vasodilation are key to avoiding tissue necrosis. Embolus, fat embolus, or thrombophlebitis are less specific concerns.
The nurse is planning a home visit for a client with hepatitis. In order to prevent transmission the nurse should focus teaching on:
- A. Proper food handling.
- B. Insulin syringe disposal.
- C. Alpha-interferon.
- D. Use of condoms.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hepatitis B and C are transmitted via body fluids, so condom use (D) prevents sexual transmission. Food handling (A) is key for hepatitis A, syringe disposal (B) applies to needle-sharing, and alpha-interferon (C) is a treatment, not a preventive measure.
One month following a subtotal gastrectomy for cancer, the nurse is evaluating the nursing care goal related to nutrition. Which of the following indicates that the client has attained the goal? The client has:
- A. Regained weight loss.
- B. Resumed normal dietary intake of three meals a day.
- C. Controlled nausea and vomiting through regular use of antiemetics.
- D. Achieved optimal nutritional status through oral or parenteral feedings.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Achieving optimal nutritional status, whether through oral or parenteral feedings, is the primary goal one month post-gastrectomy, as it indicates the client is meeting nutritional needs.
A client has returned from the cardiac catheterization laboratory after a balloon valvuloplasty for mitral stenosis. Which of the following requires immediate nursing action?
- A. A low, grade 1 intensity mitral regurgitation murmur.
- B. SpO2 is 94% on 2 liters of oxygen via nasal cannula.
- C. The client has become more somnolent.
- D. Urine output has decreased from 60 mL/hour to 40 mL over the last hour.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Increased somnolence may indicate neurological complications (e.g., stroke) post-valvuloplasty, requiring immediate action. Other findings are less urgent.