Nokea
Which of the following is an essential nutrient required for preventing neural tube defects?
- A. Iron
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Calcium
- D. Folic acid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Folic acid. Folic acid is essential for preventing neural tube defects because it plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis and cell division, particularly during early fetal development. Adequate folic acid intake before and during pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Iron (A), Vitamin C (B), and Calcium (C) are important nutrients for overall health but do not have a direct role in preventing neural tube defects. Iron is vital for red blood cell production, Vitamin C is an antioxidant that supports the immune system, and Calcium is essential for bone health. However, for preventing neural tube defects specifically, folic acid is the essential nutrient.
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What is the purpose of a community needs assessment?
- A. To diagnose individual health conditions
- B. To identify and prioritize community health needs
- C. To evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment plan
- D. To provide emergency medical services
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The purpose of a community needs assessment is to identify and prioritize the health needs of a community as a whole, not individual health conditions. This process helps in understanding the specific issues affecting the community and guides the development of effective intervention strategies. Evaluating treatment plans or providing emergency medical services is not the primary goal of a needs assessment. Therefore, option B is correct as it aligns with the main objective of assessing community health needs.
Which of the following is NOT a goal of the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) program?
- A. Reducing infant mortality
- B. Improving maternal health
- C. Providing family planning services
- D. Focusing solely on curative care
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Focusing solely on curative care. The Maternal and Child Health (MCH) program aims to prevent illness and promote health in pregnant women, mothers, infants, and children. Focusing solely on curative care does not align with the preventive and promotive goals of the MCH program. Reducing infant mortality, improving maternal health, and providing family planning services are integral components of the MCH program that aim to enhance the overall well-being of mothers and children. By emphasizing prevention and health promotion, the MCH program aims to address the root causes of health issues rather than solely focusing on treating illnesses after they occur.
Which of the following is NOT a component of Primary Health Care (PHC)?
- A. Community participation
- B. Use of appropriate technology
- C. Equitable distribution of resources
- D. Exclusive focus on curative care
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Exclusive focus on curative care. Primary Health Care (PHC) emphasizes preventive, promotive, and rehabilitative services rather than solely focusing on curative care. Curative care is just one aspect of healthcare but not the sole focus of PHC. Community participation (A), use of appropriate technology (B), and equitable distribution of resources (C) are all essential components of PHC as they contribute to comprehensive and accessible healthcare for all.
Which of the following is an example of a live attenuated vaccine?
- A. Hepatitis B vaccine
- B. Inactivated polio vaccine
- C. Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) vaccine
- D. Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DPT) vaccine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) vaccine. Live attenuated vaccines contain weakened forms of the virus. MMR vaccine is made from weakened live viruses of measles, mumps, and rubella. When administered, the body develops an immune response without causing the disease. Choice A, Hepatitis B vaccine, is a subunit vaccine. Choice B, Inactivated polio vaccine, is a killed virus vaccine. Choice D, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DPT) vaccine, is a toxoid vaccine. Live attenuated vaccines provide stronger and longer-lasting immunity as they mimic natural infection without causing illness.
Which of the following is a key principle of Primary Health Care (PHC)?
- A. Centralized health planning
- B. Community participation
- C. Focus on specialized care
- D. High technology healthcare
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Community participation. This is a key principle of Primary Health Care (PHC) as it emphasizes involving communities in decision-making, planning, and implementation of healthcare services. Community participation ensures that healthcare services are culturally appropriate, accessible, and meet the specific needs of the population. It also promotes empowerment and ownership of health initiatives within the community.
Centralized health planning (A) goes against the decentralized and community-focused approach of PHC. Focus on specialized care (C) contradicts the comprehensive and holistic nature of PHC. High technology healthcare (D) may not always be feasible or accessible in resource-limited settings, which is a key consideration in PHC implementation.