Nokea
Which of the following is an essential nutrient required for preventing neural tube defects?
- A. Iron
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Calcium
- D. Folic acid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Folic acid. Folic acid is essential for preventing neural tube defects because it plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis and cell division, particularly during early fetal development. Adequate folic acid intake before and during pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Iron (A), Vitamin C (B), and Calcium (C) are important nutrients for overall health but do not have a direct role in preventing neural tube defects. Iron is vital for red blood cell production, Vitamin C is an antioxidant that supports the immune system, and Calcium is essential for bone health. However, for preventing neural tube defects specifically, folic acid is the essential nutrient.
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Which of the following practices can help reduce the transmission of HIV from mother to child?
- A. Exclusive breastfeeding
- B. Administering antiretroviral therapy
- C. Using unsterilized medical equipment
- D. Avoiding prenatal care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Administering antiretroviral therapy. Antiretroviral therapy helps reduce the viral load in the mother, decreasing the risk of transmitting HIV to the child during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. It is a proven method recommended by the World Health Organization.
A: Exclusive breastfeeding can increase the risk of HIV transmission to the child if the mother is HIV positive.
C: Using unsterilized medical equipment can increase the risk of HIV transmission.
D: Avoiding prenatal care can lead to missed opportunities for prevention and treatment interventions.
What is the primary focus of community health nursing?
- A. Individual patient care
- B. Hospital-based care
- C. Community-wide health promotion and disease prevention
- D. Specialized medical treatment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Community-wide health promotion and disease prevention. Community health nursing focuses on promoting health and preventing diseases within the community as a whole through education, advocacy, and collaboration. This includes addressing social determinants of health and implementing population-based interventions. Choice A is incorrect because community health nursing goes beyond individual patient care. Choice B is incorrect as it is more focused on acute care within hospital settings. Choice D is incorrect as it pertains to specialized medical treatment rather than the broader scope of community health nursing. In summary, the primary focus of community health nursing is on improving the health of the entire community through preventative measures and health promotion initiatives.
What is the primary purpose of the Field Health Services and Information System (FHSIS)?
- A. To monitor hospital services
- B. To record and report public health services
- C. To evaluate private health services
- D. To manage health insurance claims
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To record and report public health services. FHSIS is designed to track and document various public health services provided by health facilities. It helps in monitoring disease outbreaks, health programs, and resource allocation. Choice A is incorrect as FHSIS focuses on public health services, not just hospital services. Choice C is incorrect as FHSIS does not specifically evaluate private health services. Choice D is incorrect as FHSIS does not handle health insurance claims but rather focuses on public health data collection and reporting.
Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for breastfeeding?
- A. Maternal HIV infection
- B. Maternal diabetes
- C. Maternal anemia
- D. Maternal hypertension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Maternal HIV infection. Breastfeeding is contraindicated in mothers with HIV due to the risk of transmission to the infant through breast milk. HIV can be transmitted through breast milk even if the mother is on antiretroviral therapy. Maternal diabetes, anemia, and hypertension are not contraindications for breastfeeding as long as they are well managed. Breastfeeding is actually beneficial in managing diabetes and anemia. Hypertensive mothers can breastfeed unless there are complications that require specific medications that may be unsafe for the infant.
Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention?
- A. Vaccination
- B. Health education
- C. Screening for hypertension
- D. Rehabilitation therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat a disease in its early stages to prevent complications. Screening for hypertension (Choice C) is an example as it involves identifying individuals at risk of developing high blood pressure-related issues. Vaccination (Choice A) is a form of primary prevention. Health education (Choice B) is more focused on promoting healthy behaviors. Rehabilitation therapy (Choice D) is part of tertiary prevention, aimed at improving function after a disease has occurred.