Nokea
Which of the following is an ethical obligation of physicians?
- A. Patience
- B. Veracity
- C. Mercy
- D. Honor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Veracity, or truthfulness, is a core ethical duty in medicine.
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The theorist who believes that personality develops through social interaction is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. Abraham Maslow
- D. Erik Erikson
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Erikson's psychosocial theory ties personality to social stages.
You need to see a doctor for hearing loss when
- A. Sounds seem muffled
- B. One in four
- C. Difficulty understanding words against background noise
- D. Both A and C
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Muffled sounds and speech comprehension issues signal a need for medical attention.
The nurse is preparing to read the Mantoux tuberculin skin test placed on the forearm of a patient with HIV. Which finding should the nurse report as a positive test for this patient?
- A. 2 mm
- B. 3 mm
- C. 4 mm
- D. 5 mm
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (5 mm) for a positive Mantoux test in a patient with HIV. In HIV-positive individuals, a positive test is considered when the induration is ≥5 mm. This is because the immune system may be compromised, leading to a delayed immune response. Choices A, B, and C (2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm) are not considered positive for HIV-positive individuals due to their weakened immune system, requiring a larger induration size to indicate a positive test.
Which client has met the criteria for psychiatric homebound care?
- A. A 67-year-old retired teacher who has been depressed since the death of his longtime partner
- B. A 21-year-old diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia who has delusions that the world is about to end
- C. A 45-year-old who, for the last 5 years, has experienced severe panic attacks whenever she attempts to leave her home
- D. A 16-year-old who has demonstrated obsessive-compulsive behaviors involving cleaning rituals since she was 10 years old
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the client meets the criteria for psychiatric homebound care by experiencing severe panic attacks when trying to leave the home. This indicates significant impairment in functioning outside the home.
Explanation:
1. Criterion met: The client's severe panic attacks prevent her from leaving the home, indicating a need for care within the home environment.
2. Impairment in functioning: The client's panic attacks significantly impact her ability to engage in daily activities outside the home.
3. Duration of symptoms: The client has experienced these severe panic attacks for the last 5 years, indicating a chronic and persistent condition.
Summary of other choices:
A: Depression alone does not necessarily warrant psychiatric homebound care.
B: Delusions related to paranoid schizophrenia do not inherently restrict the client to homebound care.
D: Obsessive-compulsive behaviors, while impactful, do not specifically require homebound care unless they severely impair functioning outside the home.
The client's chart indicates that she has experienced trauma to the cerebral cortex as a result of injuries sustained during an attempted suicide. Which observation is most likely the result of this injury?
- A. Client is often found crying into her pillow.
- B. Client demonstrates involuntary twitching of facial muscles.
- C. Client states, 'What do you mean 'it's raining cats and dogs'?'
- D. Client asks, 'Can you address this letter to my mom; I forget her address?'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because trauma to the cerebral cortex can lead to difficulties understanding and interpreting language, resulting in the client's statement of confusion about the idiom "raining cats and dogs." This type of injury can affect the client's language comprehension and expression.
Choice A is incorrect because crying into a pillow is not directly related to trauma in the cerebral cortex. Choice B is incorrect as involuntary twitching of facial muscles is more indicative of motor-related issues, not language comprehension problems. Choice D is also incorrect as forgetting an address is more related to memory issues rather than language comprehension problems resulting from cerebral cortex trauma.