Nokea
Which of the following is an example of a pivot joint?
- A. Hip
- B. Neck
- C. Shoulder
- D. Elbow
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Neck. A pivot joint, as found in the neck, allows for rotational movement around a single axis. This type of joint is essential for movements like shaking your head 'no' or looking left and right. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the hip, shoulder, and elbow joints are examples of ball-and-socket joints, which allow for a wide range of motion in multiple directions, not just rotational movement around a single axis like a pivot joint.
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Which of the following compounds often contains a carboxyl group?
- A. Carbohydrates
- B. Glycolipids
- C. Amino Acids
- D. DNA
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Amino Acids. Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, contain both an amine group and a carboxyl group. The carboxyl group (-COOH) is crucial for the structure and function of proteins as it participates in peptide bond formation. Carbohydrates and DNA do not typically contain carboxyl groups as a functional group. Glycolipids consist of a carbohydrate chain linked to a lipid, but they do not inherently contain a carboxyl group.
Which of the following blood proteins can destroy pathogens?
- A. Complement system
- B. Fibrinogen
- C. Major histocompatibility complex
- D. Platelets
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Complement system. The complement system is a vital component of the immune system responsible for destroying pathogens through various mechanisms like promoting inflammation, enhancing phagocytosis, and directly lysing pathogens. Fibrinogen is crucial for blood clotting, the major histocompatibility complex is involved in immune responses, and platelets aid in blood clotting and wound healing. However, none of these directly destroy pathogens as the complement system does.
What type of muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs like the intestines?
- A. Cardiac muscle
- B. Smooth muscle
- C. Skeletal muscle
- D. Voluntary muscle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smooth muscle is the correct type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs like the intestines. It is responsible for movements such as peristalsis, aiding in the movement of food and other materials through the digestive system. Cardiac muscle (Choice A) is found in the heart and is responsible for the heart's contractions, not in hollow organs like the intestines. Skeletal muscle (Choice C) is attached to bones and responsible for voluntary movements, not in hollow organ walls. Voluntary muscle (Choice D) is another term for skeletal muscle, which is under conscious control, unlike smooth muscle in hollow organ walls.
Which valve prevents the return of blood into the right ventricle?
- A. Pulmonary semilunar valve
- B. Aortic semilunar valve
- C. Tricuspid valve
- D. Mitral valve
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pulmonary semilunar valve. The pulmonary semilunar valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. It opens to allow blood to be pumped into the pulmonary artery but closes to prevent blood from returning back into the right ventricle. The aortic semilunar valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle, and the mitral valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle. Therefore, the pulmonary semilunar valve is the specific valve responsible for preventing the backflow of blood into the right ventricle during the cardiac cycle.
As a nursing student triaging a patient, which of the following is an example of quantitative data you can gather?
- A. The patient says he feels pain.
- B. The patient says he has stabbing pain.
- C. The patient's temperature is 101.7°F.
- D. The patient reports that he had a fever yesterday.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The corrected choice C, 'The patient's temperature is 101.7°F,' is an example of quantitative data because it provides a specific numerical value that can be measured. Quantitative data involves measurable and numerical information, making it crucial for assessing a patient's condition objectively. Choices A and B are subjective statements based on the patient's perception of pain and its description, which are qualitative data and may vary between individuals. Choice D provides historical information about a fever, which is not a current measurable value and does not constitute quantitative data for immediate assessment.