Nokea
Which of the following is an example of a preventive measure in public health?
- A. Chemotherapy
- B. Vaccination
- C. Radiation therapy
- D. Surgical intervention
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vaccination. Preventive measures aim to prevent diseases before they occur. Vaccination helps the immune system recognize and fight specific pathogens, reducing the risk of infection and disease transmission. Chemotherapy (A) is a treatment for cancer, not prevention. Radiation therapy (C) and surgical intervention (D) are also treatments rather than preventive measures. Vaccination stands out as the only option that directly addresses disease prevention, making it the correct choice.
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What is the main focus of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Health For All strategy?
- A. Providing free healthcare to all individuals
- B. Achieving a level of health that enables all people to lead economically productive lives
- C. Building more hospitals and clinics
- D. Increasing the number of healthcare workers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Achieving a level of health that enables all people to lead economically productive lives. This is the main focus of WHO's Health For All strategy as it aims to ensure that individuals have good health to actively participate in society and the economy. Choice A is incorrect as the strategy doesn't necessarily focus on providing free healthcare to all individuals, but rather on improving overall health outcomes. Choice C is incorrect as simply building more hospitals and clinics does not address the holistic approach of the Health For All strategy. Choice D is incorrect as increasing the number of healthcare workers is important, but the main focus is on achieving better health outcomes for economic productivity.
Which of the following indicators is used to measure the health status of a population?
- A. Literacy rate
- B. Gross domestic product (GDP)
- C. Infant mortality rate
- D. Employment rate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Infant mortality rate. This indicator reflects the number of infants who die before reaching one year of age per 1,000 live births. It is a crucial measure of the overall health of a population as it reflects the quality of healthcare, nutrition, and living conditions. High infant mortality rates indicate poor health outcomes and inadequate healthcare services.
A: Literacy rate is not directly related to measuring the health status of a population.
B: GDP measures the economic performance of a country and does not directly reflect the health status of its population.
D: Employment rate is an indicator of the labor market situation, not specifically related to health status measurement.
What is the primary benefit of administering Vitamin A to children?
- A. To improve bone health
- B. To boost the immune system
- C. To enhance cognitive development
- D. To prevent anemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To boost the immune system. Vitamin A is essential for maintaining a healthy immune system by supporting the production and function of white blood cells. This helps the body fight off infections and illnesses. Administering Vitamin A to children can help prevent deficiencies and strengthen their immune response.
Explanation of why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Vitamin D is more closely associated with improving bone health, not Vitamin A.
C: Cognitive development is primarily influenced by nutrients like iron and omega-3 fatty acids, rather than Vitamin A.
D: Anemia is usually prevented by iron supplementation, not Vitamin A.
Which of the following is a key component of the IMCI strategy?
- A. Promoting hospital-based care
- B. Providing routine immunizations
- C. Enhancing maternal nutrition
- D. Integrated case management of childhood illnesses
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Integrated case management of childhood illnesses. This is a key component of the IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness) strategy, which focuses on a holistic approach to managing common childhood illnesses at the primary healthcare level. IMCI includes assessing and classifying sick children, providing appropriate treatments, counseling caregivers, and ensuring follow-up care. This strategy aims to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality by improving the quality of care provided to children.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not directly align with the key component of the IMCI strategy. Promoting hospital-based care (A) may not be feasible or sustainable in resource-limited settings where primary healthcare is crucial. Providing routine immunizations (B) is important but is not the primary focus of the IMCI strategy. Enhancing maternal nutrition (C) is essential for maternal and child health but is not a key component of the IMCI strategy, which specifically targets childhood illnesses.
When is the recommended time for introducing solid foods into an infant's diet?
- A. 3 months
- B. 6 months
- C. 9 months
- D. 12 months
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 6 months. At this age, infants' digestive systems are more developed and ready for solid foods. Introducing solids too early (A) can lead to allergies and digestion issues. Waiting until 9 months (C) or 12 months (D) can delay important nutrients and increase the risk of iron deficiency. In summary, introducing solids at 6 months strikes the right balance between developmental readiness and nutritional needs for infants.