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Which of the following is an example of a PRIMARY) source in a research study?
- A. A textbook of medical-surgical nursing
- B. A doctoral dissertation that critiques all research in the area of attention deficit disorder
- C. A published commentary on the findings of another study
- D. A journal article about a study that used large, previously unpublished databases generated
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a journal article about a study using large, previously unpublished databases is a primary source as it presents original research findings firsthand. It contributes new knowledge to the field. A textbook (A) compiles existing information, not original research. A doctoral dissertation (B) critiques research but is not a primary source. A published commentary (C) interprets others' findings, making it a secondary source.
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Which of the following actions is recommended for managing a patient with a suspected snakebite?
- A. Applying a tourniquet proximal to the bite site.
- B. Immobilizing the affected limb at the level of the heart.
- C. Making an incision over the bite site to facilitate venom extraction.
- D. Transporting the patient to a medical facility for antivenom administration.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Transporting the patient to a medical facility for antivenom administration. This is recommended because antivenom is the definitive treatment for snakebites. Tourniquets (choice A) can worsen tissue damage and should be avoided. Elevating the limb (choice B) may not prevent venom spread. Making an incision (choice C) can lead to infection and increased venom absorption. Antivenom administration at a medical facility is crucial for proper management of snakebites.
In as much as Almira complained of vaginal spotting and abdominal cramps, which among the following will the nurse anticipate as the MOST likely diagnosis of the physician after a vaginal examination?
- A. Eclampsia
- B. Threatened abortion
- C. Placenta previa
- D. Abruptio placenta
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Threatened abortion. Vaginal spotting and abdominal cramps are common symptoms of a threatened abortion, which occurs when there is a risk of miscarriage but the pregnancy remains viable. This diagnosis is likely after a vaginal examination to assess the cervix and presence of fetal heartbeat.
A: Eclampsia is characterized by seizures in pregnancy due to high blood pressure, not typically presenting with vaginal spotting and cramps.
C: Placenta previa involves the placenta covering the cervix, leading to painless vaginal bleeding, not associated with cramps.
D: Abruptio placenta is premature separation of the placenta from the uterus, manifesting as painful bleeding, not typically with vaginal spotting and cramps.
The nurse assesses the uterine fundus of the mother. Which part of the abdomen will the nurse begin?
- A. Symphysis pubis
- B. Midline
- C. Umbilicus
- D. Sides of the abdomen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Umbilicus. The nurse begins assessing the uterine fundus at the level of the umbilicus as it is a standard reference point for postpartum fundal height measurement. This location allows for consistency and accuracy in tracking the descent of the uterus back into the pelvic cavity. Starting at the umbilicus also helps in monitoring the involution process and prevents potential errors in fundal height assessment.
Symphysis pubis (A) is too low and not typically used as a reference point for uterine fundal assessment. Midline (B) is vague and does not provide a specific anatomical landmark. Sides of the abdomen (D) do not give a standardized starting point for measuring the uterine fundus, leading to potential variability in assessment.
Which of the indicators BEST describes an effective outcome of school nursing programs and initiatives.
- A. Zero absenteeism and tardiness of pupils.
- B. Teachers are observers of school health program.
- C. Limited information in school health initiatives
- D. constant visits and phone calls of parents.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because zero absenteeism and tardiness of pupils indicate that the school nursing programs are effectively promoting student health and well-being. This outcome shows that students are healthy, engaged, and present in school, which is a key goal of school nursing initiatives.
Choice B is incorrect as teachers being observers does not directly measure the effectiveness of the nursing programs.
Choice C is incorrect as limited information hinders the success and impact of school health initiatives.
Choice D is incorrect as constant visits and phone calls from parents may not necessarily reflect the success of the nursing programs.
A patient presents with palpitations, dizziness, and syncope. An electrocardiogram (ECG) shows ventricular tachycardia. Which cardiovascular disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Stable angina
- B. Unstable angina
- C. Atrial fibrillation
- D. Ventricular tachycardia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ventricular tachycardia. Ventricular tachycardia is a serious arrhythmia that can lead to palpitations, dizziness, and syncope due to the rapid and abnormal heart rhythm originating in the ventricles. This arrhythmia can be life-threatening if not promptly treated.
A: Stable angina is characterized by chest discomfort or pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, usually during physical exertion or stress. It does not typically present with palpitations, dizziness, or syncope.
B: Unstable angina is a more severe form of angina where symptoms occur even at rest. While it can lead to serious complications like heart attack, it does not commonly present with palpitations, dizziness, or syncope.
C: Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia originating in the atria, leading to an irregular and often rapid heartbeat. While it can cause palpitations and dizziness,