Nokea
Which of the following is an example of a social determinant of health?
- A. Genetic predisposition
- B. Personal health behaviors
- C. Biological factors
- D. Economic stability
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Economic stability, as it directly influences access to healthcare, housing, education, and nutritious food, impacting overall health. Genetic predisposition (A) refers to inherited traits, not external factors. Personal health behaviors (B) are individual choices. Biological factors (C) focus on physical attributes, not societal influences. Economic stability (D) aligns with social determinants by addressing social, economic, and environmental factors that shape health outcomes.
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Which action demonstrates secondary prevention?
- A. Screening for early signs of disease
- B. Providing rehabilitation services
- C. Administering medications
- D. Providing health education
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, screening for early signs of disease. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment of a disease to prevent its progression. Screening helps identify diseases in their early stages, enabling timely intervention to prevent further complications. Providing rehabilitation services (B) is part of tertiary prevention for individuals already diagnosed with a disease. Administering medications (C) is a treatment approach, not specifically focused on prevention. Providing health education (D) is more aligned with primary prevention by promoting healthy behaviors to prevent the onset of diseases.
What is the term for creating a surgical airway in the front of the neck (cervical region) to remove copious secretions?
- A. Bronchoscopy
- B. Tracheostomy
- C. Thoracentesis
- D. Underwater seal drainage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tracheostomy. Tracheostomy involves creating a surgical airway in the front of the neck to remove copious secretions. This procedure allows direct access to the trachea to facilitate breathing and clear secretions. Bronchoscopy (choice A) involves visualizing the airways with a scope, not creating a surgical airway. Thoracentesis (choice C) is a procedure to remove fluid from the chest cavity, not the airway. Underwater seal drainage (choice D) is used for managing chest tube drainage, not creating a surgical airway.
What is a common challenge in promoting health literacy?
- A. Limited access to health resources
- B. Low literacy levels among patients
- C. Complex medical instructions
- D. Cultural barriers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Low literacy levels among patients. Health literacy refers to an individual's ability to understand and use health information. Low literacy levels can hinder a person's understanding of health-related information, leading to poor health outcomes. Limited access to health resources (A) can be a challenge, but it is not as common as low literacy levels. While complex medical instructions (C) can be a barrier, low literacy levels are more pervasive. Cultural barriers (D) can also impact health literacy, but the primary challenge is often low literacy levels among patients.
Which is an example of a community-level intervention?
- A. Developing health policies
- B. Conducting health education programs
- C. Offering immunizations at a local clinic
- D. Implementing community-wide health campaigns
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because implementing community-wide health campaigns targets the entire community rather than individuals, making it a community-level intervention. This approach aims to create widespread behavior change and improve health outcomes across the entire community. In contrast, options A and B focus on individual or small group actions, while option C is more of a service delivery intervention at the individual level. By choosing option D, the intervention has a broader reach and impact on the community's overall health status.
Which action demonstrates primary prevention?
- A. Administering immunizations
- B. Teaching healthy lifestyle behaviors
- C. Educating about the importance of regular check-ups
- D. Screening for early signs of disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent the onset of disease before it occurs. Administering immunizations is a key example of primary prevention as it directly targets the prevention of infectious diseases by building immunity. Immunizations protect individuals from getting sick in the first place, aligning with the primary prevention goal. Teaching healthy lifestyle behaviors (choice B) is more focused on health promotion rather than disease prevention. Educating about regular check-ups (choice C) falls under secondary prevention by detecting diseases early. Screening for early signs of disease (choice D) is also considered secondary prevention as it aims to identify diseases at an early stage.