Nokea
Which of the following is an example of a Specific Learning Disability?
- A. Mental Retardation
- B. Dyslexia
- C. ADHD
- D. Autistic spectrum disorders
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dyslexia: A persistent, chronic condition in which reading ability lags behind that of non-impaired individuals for the course of most of their lifetime.
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Behaviorists would say that self-defeating behaviors are maintained by immediate reinforcement in the form of
- A. relief from anxiety
- B. defending the ego
- C. protecting one's self-image
- D. avoiding existential anxiety
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Behaviorists argue self-defeating actions persist because they provide short-term anxiety relief.
An individual accompanied by a friend was brought by ambulance to the emergency room. A nurse notes that the patient's skin is flushed and dry. Further assessment reveals the patient has not voided or ingested food or fluid in 18 hours. Temperature, pulse, blood pressure, and respirations are elevated, and sensorium alternates between clouded and clear. The physician diagnoses fever of unknown origin. Because the patient is restless and agitated, the plan is to make an effort to orally hydrate before attempting to start an IV line. The intervention most likely to be effective will be:
- A. placing a pitcher of water at the patient's bedside.
- B. placing a "force fluids"Â sign at the head of the bed.
- C. asking the friend to give the patient a drink whenever the patient is alert.
- D. staying with the patient to ensure that a glass of liquid is ingested once every hour.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: staying with the patient to ensure that a glass of liquid is ingested once every hour. This choice is the most effective intervention because the patient is in a state of restlessness and agitation, making it crucial to closely monitor fluid intake. By staying with the patient and ensuring regular liquid consumption, the nurse can help maintain hydration and potentially alleviate symptoms.
Choice A (placing a pitcher of water at the patient's bedside) may not be effective as the patient may not be able to independently drink the water when needed. Choice B (placing a "force fluids" sign at the head of the bed) might not address the patient's agitation and restlessness and could lead to increased anxiety. Choice C (asking the friend to give the patient a drink whenever the patient is alert) may not provide consistent monitoring and support needed for the patient's condition.
Therefore, choice D is the best option as it addresses the patient's need for hydration, agitation, and restlessness effectively
The wife of a client newly diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia asks the nurse, 'My husband was well adjusted until a month ago, and then, after a lot of work stress, he got sick. What can I expect? Will he be this sick for the rest of his life?' What information can the nurse provide about prognosis?
- A. This disorder responds well to treatment and, with follow-up, may not recur.'
- B. All types of schizophrenia are chronic relapsing disorders.'
- C. Outcomes are poor related to client prehospital disorganization.'
- D. The usual outcome is that only partial remission is achieved.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "This disorder responds well to treatment and, with follow-up, may not recur."
Rationale:
1. Paranoid schizophrenia typically responds well to treatment, especially with early intervention.
2. With proper medication and therapy, individuals with paranoid schizophrenia can experience significant improvement and lead fulfilling lives.
3. Follow-up care and support are crucial in maintaining stability and preventing relapses.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: All types of schizophrenia are chronic relapsing disorders - This is not accurate as outcomes can vary depending on the subtype of schizophrenia.
C: Outcomes are poor related to client prehospital disorganization - This statement is too general and does not specifically address the prognosis of paranoid schizophrenia.
D: The usual outcome is that only partial remission is achieved - This is not always the case, as many individuals with paranoid schizophrenia can achieve full remission with appropriate treatment.
A nurse is planning care for a patient with anorexia nervosa. What is the priority intervention?
- A. Encourage the patient to verbalize concerns about body image.
- B. Monitor the patient's weight and nutritional intake closely.
- C. Provide education on healthy eating and exercise.
- D. Offer emotional support to the patient regarding self-esteem.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Monitoring the patient's weight and nutritional intake closely is the priority intervention for a patient with anorexia nervosa as it directly addresses the immediate health risks associated with the disorder, such as malnutrition and weight loss. By closely monitoring these parameters, healthcare providers can assess the patient's progress and make necessary adjustments to prevent further complications.
Choice A is incorrect because while addressing body image concerns is important in the long term, it is not the priority intervention when the patient's physical health is at risk.
Choice C is incorrect as providing education on healthy eating and exercise may not be effective if the patient is not yet in a stable physical condition to absorb and apply the information.
Choice D is incorrect as offering emotional support is valuable, but it is not the priority intervention in this case where the patient's physical health needs immediate attention.
According to the map showing deaths resulting from poor air quality worldwide, which regions of the world have the poorest air quality?
- A. Brazil
- B. China
- C. Canada
- D. Australia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: China has some of the poorest air quality globally due to industrial pollution and urbanization, as shown in air quality death maps.