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Which of the following is an example of a tertiary prevention strategy?
- A. Administering childhood vaccinations
- B. Chemotherapy for cancer treatment
- C. Routine screening for hypertension
- D. Physical therapy for stroke rehabilitation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Physical therapy for stroke rehabilitation. Tertiary prevention focuses on minimizing the impact of an existing disease or condition. Physical therapy for stroke rehabilitation is an example of tertiary prevention because it aims to improve the quality of life and functionality of an individual who has already experienced a stroke. Administering childhood vaccinations (A) is an example of primary prevention to prevent the onset of diseases. Chemotherapy for cancer treatment (B) is an example of secondary prevention to detect and treat existing cancer. Routine screening for hypertension (C) is an example of secondary prevention to identify and manage hypertension before it progresses.
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Which of the following are significant benefits to an organization that is considering adoption of a practice partnership model? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Clients express reduced satisfaction.
- B. It is less expensive to implement than other models.
- C. Continuity of care is facilitated.
- D. Leadership is well accepted.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
C is correct because a practice partnership model enhances continuity of care, leading to improved patient outcomes and satisfaction. It promotes collaboration among healthcare providers, ensuring seamless transitions between different levels of care. This model also fosters better communication and coordination among team members.
Summary:
A: Incorrect. Clients actually benefit from increased satisfaction due to improved care coordination.
B: Incorrect. Practice partnership models may require initial investment but yield long-term benefits.
D: Incorrect. Leadership acceptance may vary, but the primary benefit lies in improved care continuity.
When a patient with type 2 diabetes is admitted for a cholecystectomy, which nursing action can the nurse delegate to a licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)?
- A. Communicate the blood glucose level and insulin dose to the circulating nurse in surgery.
- B. Discuss the reason for the use of insulin therapy during the immediate postoperative period.
- C. Administer the prescribed lispro (Humalog) insulin before transporting the patient to surgery.
- D. Plan strategies to minimize the risk for hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia during the postoperative period.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Administer the prescribed lispro (Humalog) insulin before transporting the patient to surgery.
Rationale:
1. Administering insulin falls under the scope of practice for an LPN/LVN.
2. Administering lispro insulin before surgery helps maintain the patient's blood glucose within a safe range during the procedure.
3. LPN/LVNs are trained to administer medications safely and accurately.
Summary:
A: Communication with the circulating nurse requires critical thinking and interpretation, which may be beyond the scope of an LPN/LVN.
B: Discussing the reason for insulin therapy involves patient education and interpretation, which are typically responsibilities of a registered nurse.
D: Planning strategies to prevent hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia requires higher-level critical thinking and assessment skills, usually performed by a registered nurse.
The type of theory that discusses how motivation works to direct a person's efforts is:
- A. Reinforcement.
- B. Operant.
- C. Conditioning.
- D. Process.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Process. Process theories of motivation focus on how individuals initiate, sustain, and direct their behavior towards achieving goals. These theories explore the cognitive processes involved in motivation, such as goal-setting, expectancy, and self-regulation. They highlight the importance of understanding individuals' thought processes and decision-making in driving their efforts.
Rationale:
A: Reinforcement theories primarily focus on how behavior is influenced by consequences, such as rewards and punishments. While reinforcement is a factor in motivation, it does not address the cognitive processes underlying motivation.
B: Operant theories, like reinforcement, concentrate on how behavior is shaped by consequences. However, they do not delve into the internal cognitive processes that drive motivation.
C: Conditioning theories, such as classical and operant conditioning, emphasize how behavior is learned through associations and reinforcements. While conditioning plays a role in shaping behavior, it does not directly address how motivation works to direct efforts based on cognitive processes.
In summary, the correct answer, D
The nurse has been teaching a patient with type 2 diabetes about managing blood glucose
levels and taking glipizide (Glucotrol). Which patient statement indicates a need for additional
teaching?
- A. “If I overeat at a meal, I will still take the usual dose of medication.”
- B. “Other medications besides the Glucotrol may affect my blood sugar.”
- C. “When I am ill, I may have to take insulin to control my blood sugar.”
- D. “My diabetes won’t cause complications because I don’t need insulin.”
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. This statement indicates a need for additional teaching because it shows a lack of understanding about diabetes complications. Here's the rationale:
1. Diabetes can lead to complications even if the patient doesn't need insulin.
2. Complications like heart disease, neuropathy, and kidney damage can still occur in type 2 diabetes.
3. Believing that not needing insulin means no complications is a misconception.
4. Patients with type 2 diabetes need to manage their condition carefully to prevent complications.
5. Therefore, educating the patient about potential complications is crucial for their overall health.
As the definition of nursing evolved, which of the following nurse theorists focused on the uniqueness of nursing?
- A. Florence Nightingale
- B. Virginia Henderson
- C. Martha Rogers
- D. Abraham Maslow
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Virginia Henderson is the correct answer because she emphasized the unique role of nursing in helping individuals achieve independence in meeting their basic needs. Henderson's theory focuses on the holistic approach to patient care, highlighting the importance of individualized care and the nurse's role in assisting patients to reach their optimal health potential.
Florence Nightingale, known as the founder of modern nursing, focused on sanitation and environmental factors in health care. Martha Rogers emphasized the interconnectedness of humans with their environment. Abraham Maslow is known for his hierarchy of needs theory, which is more aligned with psychology than nursing.