Nokea
Which of the following is an example of a tissue?
- A. chloroplasts
- B. liver
- C. mammal
- D. hamstring
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'B: liver.' The liver is an example of a tissue. Tissues are groups of cells that work together to perform specific functions in the body. The liver is made up of different types of cells that work together to carry out various essential functions, such as detoxification, metabolism, and storage of nutrients. Option A (chloroplasts) refers to organelles, not tissues. Option D (hamstring) is a muscle, not a tissue. Option C (mammal) represents a higher level of organization than tissues, as it refers to a classification of organisms, not a specific tissue type.
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In the human skeleton, which of the following lists some of the vertebrae in descending order?
- A. Atlas, axis, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx.
- B. Axis, sacral, coccyx, atlas, lumbar, thoracic.
- C. Thoracic, sacral, lumbar, axis, coccyx, atlas.
- D. Coccyx, lumbar, axis, sacral, thoracic, atlas.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct order of some of the vertebrae in the human skeleton in descending order is Atlas, Axis, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccyx. This sequence follows the typical arrangement from the top of the spine down towards the pelvis. Choice B is incorrect as it does not follow the descending order of vertebrae. Choice C is incorrect as it starts with Thoracic which is not the first vertebra in the descending order. Choice D is incorrect as it starts with Coccyx which is the last vertebra in the descending order.
What are the cellular functions of cilia and flagella?
- A. Cilia and flagella are responsible for cell movement.
- B. Cilia and flagella synthesize proteins.
- C. Cilia and flagella help protect the cell from its environment.
- D. Cilia and flagella have enzymes that help with digestion.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cilia and flagella are microtubule-based structures found on the surface of many eukaryotic cells. Their primary function is to facilitate cell movement. Cilia are short, numerous, and move in coordinated waving motions to move substances along the cell's surface. Flagella are longer and usually limited to one or a few per cell, providing a propeller-like movement for the cell. Both cilia and flagella aid in cell motility and are essential for various cellular functions, primarily involved in cell movement rather than protein synthesis, protection, or digestion. Therefore, choice A is correct as it accurately describes the primary function of cilia and flagella. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as cilia and flagella are not involved in protein synthesis, cell protection, or digestion in cells.
Are red hair and a height of six feet part of an individual's genotype or phenotype?
- A. Red hair is part of the phenotype; height is part of the genotype.
- B. Red hair is part of the genotype; height is part of the phenotype.
- C. Both characteristics describe his genotype.
- D. Both characteristics describe his phenotype.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the context of genetics, genotype refers to an individual's genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to the observable characteristics resulting from the interaction of the genotype with the environment. Red hair and a height of six feet are observable characteristics, making them part of the individual's phenotype. Therefore, both red hair and height are aspects of the individual's phenotype. Choices A and B are incorrect as they incorrectly assign one characteristic to the genotype and the other to the phenotype, which is not accurate. Choice C is incorrect as it states that both characteristics describe the genotype, which is inaccurate as they are observable traits. The correct answer is D, as both red hair and height are observable traits or characteristics, falling under the definition of phenotype in genetics.
When a certain plant is introduced into an area, and the population of a certain insect species declines, what can be concluded from this?
- A. The plant is toxic to the insect in question.
- B. The plant competes with and drives out plants that the insect feeds on.
- C. The insect population was declining anyway; the fact that it happened when the plant was introduced is a coincidence.
- D. All of these explanations may be possible; further investigation is necessary to determine which is true.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The given scenario presents multiple possible explanations for the decline in the insect population with the introduction of a particular plant. It could be due to the plant being toxic to the insect (Option A), competing with and driving out plants that the insect feeds on (Option B), or the decline could be coincidental with the plant introduction as the insect population was already decreasing (Option C). Without further investigation and evidence, it is not possible to definitively determine which explanation is correct. Therefore, all of these possibilities may be true, and thorough investigation is necessary to reach a conclusive conclusion.
What is correct about the hormones that stimulate male and female organs to produce male and female sex hormones?
- A. Female organs are stimulated by female hormones and male organs by male hormones.
- B. The same hormones that produce male or female sex characteristics stimulate the organs.
- C. The same hormones stimulate both male and female organs to produce sex hormones.
- D. The hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland's secretion of male and female hormones.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The same hormones stimulate both male and female organs to produce sex hormones. Hormones such as luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are produced by the pituitary gland and act on the ovaries in females and the testes in males to stimulate the production of sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone in females, testosterone in males). Therefore, the same hormones stimulate both male and female organs to produce sex hormones. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the relationship between hormones and the stimulation of male and female organs to produce sex hormones.