Nokea
Which of the following is an example of a waterborne disease?
- A. Hepatitis A
- B. Influenza
- C. Measles
- D. Tuberculosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hepatitis A. Waterborne diseases are caused by pathogens that are transmitted through contaminated water. Hepatitis A is a viral infection that spreads through the consumption of contaminated water or food. It affects the liver and is commonly associated with poor sanitation and hygiene. Influenza, Measles, and Tuberculosis are not waterborne diseases. Influenza and Measles are viral infections spread through respiratory droplets, while Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection primarily transmitted through the air. Hepatitis A is the only choice that aligns with the definition of a waterborne disease.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following is a characteristic of Primary Health Care?
- A. Focuses on specialized care
- B. Emphasizes community participation
- C. Relies solely on hospital-based services
- D. Ignores preventive measures
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Emphasizes community participation. Primary Health Care is a holistic approach that focuses on involving the community in decision-making and care delivery. This empowers individuals and communities to take charge of their health. Choice A is incorrect as Primary Health Care prioritizes comprehensive and generalist care over specialized care. Choice C is incorrect as Primary Health Care aims to provide care at the grassroots level, not solely relying on hospital-based services. Choice D is incorrect as Primary Health Care places a strong emphasis on preventive measures to promote overall health and well-being.
Which of the following is an essential nutrient required for preventing neural tube defects?
- A. Iron
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Calcium
- D. Folic acid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Folic acid. Folic acid is essential for preventing neural tube defects because it plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis and cell division, particularly during early fetal development. Adequate folic acid intake before and during pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Iron (A), Vitamin C (B), and Calcium (C) are important nutrients for overall health but do not have a direct role in preventing neural tube defects. Iron is vital for red blood cell production, Vitamin C is an antioxidant that supports the immune system, and Calcium is essential for bone health. However, for preventing neural tube defects specifically, folic acid is the essential nutrient.
Which of the following is a key component of the IMCI strategy?
- A. Promoting hospital-based care
- B. Providing routine immunizations
- C. Enhancing maternal nutrition
- D. Integrated case management of childhood illnesses
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Integrated case management of childhood illnesses. This is a key component of the IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness) strategy, which focuses on a holistic approach to managing common childhood illnesses at the primary healthcare level. IMCI includes assessing and classifying sick children, providing appropriate treatments, counseling caregivers, and ensuring follow-up care. This strategy aims to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality by improving the quality of care provided to children.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not directly align with the key component of the IMCI strategy. Promoting hospital-based care (A) may not be feasible or sustainable in resource-limited settings where primary healthcare is crucial. Providing routine immunizations (B) is important but is not the primary focus of the IMCI strategy. Enhancing maternal nutrition (C) is essential for maternal and child health but is not a key component of the IMCI strategy, which specifically targets childhood illnesses.
Which of the following is a contraindication for the administration of live vaccines?
- A. Mild upper respiratory infection
- B. Previous allergic reaction to the vaccine
- C. Current antibiotic therapy
- D. Family history of allergies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Previous allergic reaction to the vaccine. This is a contraindication for live vaccines because individuals with a history of allergic reactions to a specific vaccine are at a higher risk of developing severe allergic reactions upon re-administration. It is crucial to avoid administering live vaccines to these individuals to prevent potential life-threatening complications.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Mild upper respiratory infection - This is not a contraindication for live vaccines as it is a mild and temporary condition that does not affect vaccine administration.
C: Current antibiotic therapy - This is not a contraindication for live vaccines as antibiotics do not interfere with live vaccine effectiveness.
D: Family history of allergies - While a family history of allergies may increase the risk of developing allergies, it is not a direct contraindication for live vaccines as long as the individual themselves does not have a history of allergic reactions to the specific vaccine.
Which of the following is a component of the Safe Motherhood Initiative?
- A. Promoting exclusive breastfeeding
- B. Providing routine immunizations
- C. Ensuring skilled attendance at birth
- D. Offering genetic counseling
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ensuring skilled attendance at birth. This is a key component of the Safe Motherhood Initiative as it focuses on providing trained healthcare professionals during childbirth to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality rates. This ensures that complications during labor can be promptly identified and managed, improving outcomes for both mother and baby.
A: Promoting exclusive breastfeeding is important for infant health but is not specifically a component of the Safe Motherhood Initiative.
B: Providing routine immunizations is crucial for child health but not directly related to maternal care during childbirth.
D: Offering genetic counseling is valuable for families at risk of genetic disorders but is not a primary focus of the Safe Motherhood Initiative.