Nokea
Which of the following is an example of an intellectual disability?
- A. Dyslexia
- B. ADHD
- C. Mental Retardation
- D. Autistic spectrum disorders
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mental Retardation: A DSM-IV-TR defined disorder in which an individual has significantly below average intellectual functioning characterised by an IQ of 70 or below.
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A patient with schizophrenia begins to talk about creatures called 'volmers' hiding in the warehouse where he works and undoing his work each night. The term 'volmers' most likely represents:
- A. a neologism.
- B. clanging.
- C. anhedonia.
- D. alogia.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: a neologism. In schizophrenia, patients often create new words (neologisms) that have no meaning outside of their delusional context. The term 'volmers' is a made-up word by the patient, indicating a loss of touch with reality. Clanging (B) is a speech pattern characterized by rhyming or punning words, not creating new words. Anhedonia (C) refers to the inability to experience pleasure, unrelated to creating new words. Alogia (D) is a decrease in speech or thought productivity, not related to inventing new words. In this case, the patient's use of 'volmers' is indicative of a neologism associated with schizophrenia.
A 15-year-old boy presents with fatigue to the clinic. He reports that he is unable to wake up in the mornings and is missing a lot of school. On further questioning he reveals that he has some thoughts of suicide, but requests that the information be withheld from his parent who is in the waiting room. On examination he is noted to be obese with acanthosis. The next best step is to ensure his safety is:
- A. Refer to peds medicine for workup of obesity
- B. Breach confidentiality to inform his parent about the adolescents suicidal thoughts
- C. Refer to school for counselling
- D. Reassurance and diet and exercise advice
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Suicidal thoughts indicate a safety risk, justifying breaching confidentiality to involve parents and ensure immediate intervention, per ethical and clinical guidelines.
Which expectation should be considered most critical prior to discharging a client with anorexia nervosa from the hospital?
- A. Attainment of minimum normal weight.
- B. Resumption of normal menstrual cycle.
- C. Knowledge of caloric and nutritional value of foods required for a balanced diet.
- D. Reduction of periods of active exercise to three times daily.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: A critical expectation before discharging a client with anorexia nervosa is the attainment of minimum normal weight. This is crucial for the client's physical health and to prevent complications like organ damage. Resuming a normal menstrual cycle (B) is important but not as critical as restoring weight. Knowing about nutrition (C) is valuable but not as urgent as weight gain. Reducing exercise (D) may be necessary, but weight restoration takes precedence for overall health.
When planning inpatient psychotherapeutic activities for a patient who has antisocial personality disorder, the psychiatric-mental health nurse:
- A. focuses on group, rather than individual, therapy
- B. provides a permissive atmosphere, so the patient feels a sense of control
- C. provides an organized, structured environment
- D. recognizes that the disorder is characterized by social withdrawal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A structured environment sets clear boundaries, countering manipulative tendencies common in antisocial personality disorder.
The male manager of a health club placed a hidden video camera in the women's locker room and recorded several women as they showered and dressed. The disorder most likely represented by this behavior is
- A. homosexuality.
- B. exhibitionism.
- C. pedophilia.
- D. voyeurism.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: voyeurism. Voyeurism is a disorder characterized by the act of observing an unsuspecting individual who is naked, in the process of undressing, or engaging in sexual activity, for the purpose of sexual gratification. In this scenario, the male manager is surreptitiously recording women in the locker room without their consent, indicating voyeuristic behavior.
A: Homosexuality is the sexual orientation of being attracted to individuals of the same gender and is not relevant to the scenario.
B: Exhibitionism involves exposing one's genitals to others for sexual gratification, which is not the case in this scenario.
C: Pedophilia is a disorder characterized by an adult's sexual interest in prepubescent children, which is not applicable in this scenario.
In summary, the behavior of the male manager aligns with voyeurism due to the secret recording of women in the locker room for sexual gratification.