Nokea
Which of the following is an example of ductus dependent systemic circulation?
- A. Severe Ebstein's anomaly
- B. Pulmonary atresia
- C. Tricuspid atresia
- D. Interruption of aortic arch
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Interruption of aortic arch is ductus dependent as it relies on the ductus arteriosus for systemic blood flow.
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Recognised diagnoses of tender scrotal swelling in infancy include:
- A. Inguinal hernia
- B. Epididymo-orchitis
- C. Breech delivery
- D. Torsion of testis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Torsion of the testis is a medical emergency and a common cause of tender scrotal swelling in infancy. Inguinal hernia and epididymo-orchitis are also possible but less urgent. Breech delivery is unrelated.
Through what does the infant born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome acquire oxygenated blood?
- A. The patent ductus arteriosus
- B. A ventricular septal defect
- C. The closure of the foramen ovale
- D. An atrial septal defect
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Because the right side of the heart must take over pumping blood to both the lungs and systemic circulation, the ductus arteriosus must remain open to shunt the oxygenated blood from the lungs.
The most likely diagnosis in the patient described is
- A. persistent pulmonary hypertension
- B. transposition of the great arteries
- C. truncus arteriosus
- D. pulmonary atresia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Transposition of the great arteries often presents with cyanosis due to mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) arrives at the clinic reporting shortness of breath on exertion and extreme weakness. Vital signs are temperature 100.4°F (38°C), heart rate 110 beats/minute, respirations 28 breaths/minute, and blood pressure 175/98 mmHg. The client usually receives dialysis three times a week but missed the last treatment. STAT blood specimens are sent to the laboratory for analysis. Which laboratory results should the nurse report to the healthcare provider immediately?
- A. Potassium 6.5 mEq/L (mmol/L)
- B. Potassium 6 mEq/L (mmol/L)
- C. Potassium 0.5 mEq/L (mmol/L)
- D. Potassium 1.5 mEq/L (mmol/L)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated potassium levels in CKD clients can lead to life-threatening arrhythmias, so this result needs immediate intervention.
Patients with a small PDA have the following criteria EXCEPT
- A. asymptomatic risk for endocarditis
- B. normal peripheral pulses
- C. normal pulmonary artery pressure
- D. normal life expectancy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Small PDAs typically have a low risk for endocarditis.