Nokea
Which of the following is an example of objective information?
- A. Mrs. Lin Ho has a bad back.
- B. Mrs. Lin Ho has a respiratory rate of 23 breaths per minute.
- C. Mrs. Lin Ho wants to go home.
- D. Mrs. Lin Ho is happy when her son visits.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it presents measurable and observable data, making it objective. Respiratory rate of 23 breaths per minute can be quantified and verified, eliminating subjectivity. Choices A, C, and D involve opinions, emotions, or desires, which are subjective and cannot be independently confirmed. Mrs. Lin Ho's back pain, desire to go home, and happiness are all based on personal interpretations and feelings, making them subjective information.
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Which of the following statements regarding patients with thoracic spine injuries is TRUE?
- A. Log-rolling may be destabilizing to fractures from T12 to L1
- B. Adequate immobilization can be accomplished with the scoop stretcher
- C. Spinal cord injury below T10 usually spares bowel and bladder function
- D. Hyperflexion fractures in the upper thoracic spine are inherently unstable
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Log-rolling may be destabilizing to fractures from T12 to L1. This is true because log-rolling involves rotating a patient to prevent movement of the spine, but in thoracic spine injuries from T12 to L1, this maneuver can cause further damage and destabilize the fractures. Choice B is incorrect because a scoop stretcher does not provide sufficient immobilization for thoracic spine injuries. Choice C is incorrect as spinal cord injury below T10 can still affect bowel and bladder function due to the autonomic nervous system involvement. Choice D is incorrect because hyperflexion fractures in the upper thoracic spine are typically stable, not inherently unstable.
The risk of prostate cancer increases when a man is over the age of
- A. 40
- B. 70
- C. 60
- D. 50
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 50. Prostate cancer risk increases with age due to cell mutations over time. Men over 50 are at higher risk as cell changes accumulate. Answer A (40) is too young for significant risk. Answer B (70) is too late, risk peaks earlier. Answer C (60) is closer but does not capture the critical age range for increased risk.
Private law or a law between individuals is
- A. Criminal law
- B. Civil law
- C. Contract law
- D. International law
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Civil law. Private law, also known as civil law, governs the relationships between individuals, including contracts, property, and personal injury cases. Criminal law (A) deals with offenses against the state. Contract law (C) is a subset of civil law focusing on agreements between parties. International law (D) regulates relationships between countries. Therefore, the correct answer is civil law as it specifically pertains to interactions between individuals.
The EASE (Enhancement for Active Seniors) programme introduced by HDB (Housing Development Board) is applicable to which one of the following individuals?
- A. A Singapore Permanent resident who is 62 years old, ADL dependent and lives in a Terrace House in Singapore
- B. A 45-year-old Singaporean who is ADL dependent staying in a condominium in Singapore
- C. A 66-year-old Singaporean who is ADL and IADL independent, and stays in an owner-occupied HDB flat
- D. A 69-year-old Singaporean who is unable to do one ADL and stays in an HDB rental flat
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: EASE applies to Singaporeans aged 65+ in owner-occupied HDB flats, typically ADL/IADL independent, for home improvements. Age, residency, or dependency disqualify the others.
A resident who has AIDS and has an infection of the mouth may need to eat food that is
- A. Spicy
- B. Soft or pureed
- C. Hot
- D. Acidic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Soft or pureed. AIDS patients with mouth infections may have difficulty chewing or swallowing due to pain or sores. Soft or pureed foods are easier to eat and less likely to irritate the mouth. Spicy (A), hot (C), and acidic (D) foods can aggravate mouth sores and cause discomfort, making them unsuitable choices for someone with an oral infection. Providing soft or pureed foods ensures the patient can still receive necessary nutrition without worsening their condition.