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Which of the following is an expected finding for a patient with anorexia nervosa?
- A. Increased appetite and food cravings.
- B. A body mass index (BMI) in the normal range.
- C. Bradycardia and hypotension.
- D. Elevated blood pressure and rapid pulse.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Patients with anorexia nervosa often have bradycardia and hypotension due to the physiological effects of severe malnutrition. Explanation: Severe restriction of food intake leads to decreased energy stores, causing the body to slow down its metabolic processes, including heart rate and blood pressure. Bradycardia and hypotension are common findings in individuals with anorexia nervosa.
Summary:
A: Increased appetite and food cravings are not expected findings in anorexia nervosa as patients typically have a decreased appetite.
B: A body mass index (BMI) in the normal range is not expected in anorexia nervosa, as patients often have a low BMI due to significant weight loss.
D: Elevated blood pressure and rapid pulse are not typical findings in anorexia nervosa; rather, patients may present with low blood pressure and bradycardia.
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Which outcome is realistic for a client with stage 1 Alzheimer's disease?
- A. Appropriate long-term placement will be arranged to maintain caregiver's health and well-being.
- B. The client will maintain the highest possible functional level within his or her capacity.
- C. All day-to-day decisions will be made by the caregiver to relieve client of stress.
- D. The client will remain fully functional physically, since Alzheimer's affects only the brain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because in stage 1 Alzheimer's, individuals can still maintain a relatively high level of functionality. This is because in the early stages, the cognitive decline is mild and individuals can still perform daily tasks independently. It is important to focus on maximizing the client's functional abilities through cognitive exercises and support services.
Choice A is incorrect because long-term placement may not be necessary in stage 1 and should only be considered if the caregiver's health is at risk. Choice C is incorrect because individuals with Alzheimer's should be encouraged to make decisions to maintain their sense of autonomy. Choice D is incorrect because Alzheimer's is a progressive disease that affects both cognitive and physical functions over time.
The nurse in the emergency department tells the daughter of a patient that her 86-year-old mother has had a stroke. The daughter tearfully asks the nurse, 'Who will take care of me now?' When the nurse explores this query, the daughter mentions that her mother always tells her what job to take, what clothes to buy and wear, and what to have for lunch. The daughter states that she needs someone to direct her and reassure her when she gets anxious. With which personality disorder is this presentation most consistent?
- A. Histrionic
- B. Dependent
- C. Narcissistic
- D. Borderline
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dependent. This presentation is most consistent with dependent personality disorder because the daughter is displaying excessive need for someone to take care of her and make decisions for her, as well as seeking reassurance and guidance when anxious. Individuals with dependent personality disorder often lack self-confidence and rely heavily on others for emotional and physical needs.
Choice A: Histrionic personality disorder is characterized by attention-seeking behavior and excessive emotions, which do not match the daughter's presentation.
Choice C: Narcissistic personality disorder involves a grandiose sense of self-importance and a lack of empathy for others, which is not evident in the daughter's behavior.
Choice D: Borderline personality disorder is characterized by unstable relationships, self-image, and emotions, as well as impulsive behaviors, which are not reflected in the daughter's need for constant direction and reassurance.
The most widely used system of psychological classification today is
- A. the Freudian Psychoanalytic System (FPS)
- B. found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)
- C. the system designed by Emil Kraepelin and Eugen Bleuler
- D. to be found in the Federal Uniform Code of Psychopathology (UCP)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The DSM-IV (now DSM-5) is the standard diagnostic system globally used in psychology.
Impaired environmental interpretation syndrome related to metabolic disorders is a condition that affects how the body processes nutrients and energy.
- A. Impaired environmental interpretation related to metabolic disorders.
- B. Impaired environmental interpretation related to cognitive disorders.
- C. Impaired environmental interpretation related to sensory disorders.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the term "environmental interpretation" refers to how the body processes external stimuli, which can be affected by metabolic disorders. Choice B is incorrect as cognitive disorders do not directly impact environmental interpretation. Choice C is incorrect as sensory disorders specifically affect sensory processing, not environmental interpretation. Choice D is incorrect as option A accurately reflects the relationship between impaired environmental interpretation and metabolic disorders.
A client who has been diagnosed as having bulimia nervosa is hospitalized for treatment of electrolyte imbalance. Just before lunch is finished, the client leaves the table and walks quickly in the direction of the bathroom. The nurse should say:
- A. No one is allowed to leave the dining room during meals.'
- B. I must accompany you when you go to the bathroom.'
- C. I think I understand your plan, and I cannot permit you to carry it out.'
- D. Wouldn't it be preferable to exercise rather than vomit?'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because accompanying the client to the bathroom is essential to prevent purging behavior associated with bulimia nervosa. By doing so, the nurse can provide support, monitor the client, and intervene if necessary to ensure the client's safety. Choice A is incorrect as it may come across as punitive and restrictive. Choice C is incorrect as it may escalate the situation and lead to confrontation. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests an alternative behavior without addressing the immediate concern of potential purging. Accompanying the client to the bathroom is the most appropriate and therapeutic response in this situation.