Nokea
Which of the following is another name for the voice box?
- A. Alveoli
- B. Larynx
- C. Trachea
- D. Pharynx
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'Larynx.' The larynx is commonly referred to as the voice box because it plays a crucial role in sound production. It contains vocal cords and functions in speech and singing. Choice A, 'Alveoli,' are small air sacs in the lungs involved in gas exchange. Choice C, 'Trachea,' is the windpipe that connects the larynx to the bronchi. Choice D, 'Pharynx,' is the throat area located behind the mouth and nasal cavity, responsible for the passage of food and air.
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What does the P-wave in an ECG correspond to?
- A. Atrial repolarization
- B. Depolarization of SA node
- C. Ventricular depolarization
- D. Ventricular repolarization
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The P-wave in an ECG represents the depolarization of the SA node and the atria, not atrial repolarization. Choice C, ventricular depolarization, is incorrect because the P-wave does not correspond to ventricular activity. Choice D, ventricular repolarization, is also incorrect as the P-wave does not depict ventricular repolarization. The correct interpretation is that the P-wave signifies the initiation of the electrical impulse at the SA node and subsequent atrial depolarization, making option B the correct answer.
Which of the following structures can serve as a passageway for both food and air?
- A. Esophagus
- B. Laryngopharynx
- C. Nasopharynx
- D. Trachea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the Laryngopharynx. It is a common passageway for both food and air. The Esophagus (Choice A) is solely for transporting food from the throat to the stomach. The Nasopharynx (Choice C) is primarily involved in the passage of air. The Trachea (Choice D) is responsible for conducting air to and from the lungs and does not play a role in the passage of food.
Which organelle is responsible for storing genetic material?
- A. Mitochondria
- B. Nucleus
- C. Ribosome
- D. Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the Nucleus. The nucleus is responsible for storing genetic material (DNA) and controlling cell functions. Mitochondria are known for energy production, not genetic storage. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, not genetic material storage. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis, not genetic material storage. Therefore, the nucleus is the organelle primarily responsible for housing the genetic material within a cell.
Which organ stores and concentrates bile?
- A. Liver
- B. Gallbladder
- C. Pancreas
- D. Stomach
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gallbladder. The gallbladder is the organ that stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver. Bile is essential for the digestion of fats in the small intestine. The liver produces bile, which is then stored and concentrated in the gallbladder until it is released into the small intestine when needed. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the liver produces bile, the pancreas produces digestive enzymes, and the stomach is primarily involved in the digestion of food through acid secretion and mechanical processes, not in storing bile.
Which blood type is known as the universal donor?
- A. Type A
- B. Type B
- C. Type AB
- D. Type O
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Type O blood is known as the universal donor because it lacks antigens on the surface of red blood cells. This characteristic makes it compatible with all blood types during transfusions. Type A, Type B, and Type AB blood types have specific antigens that can cause adverse reactions if transfused to an incompatible recipient.