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Which of the following is appropriate language development for an 8-month-old? The child should be:
- A. Saying 'dada' and 'mama' specifically ('dada' to father and 'mama' to mother).
- B. Saying three other words besides 'mama' and 'dada.'
- C. Saying 'dada' and 'mama' nonspecifically.
- D. Saying 'ball' when parents point to a ball.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At 8 months, infants typically say 'dada' and 'mama' nonspecifically, as specific use develops closer to 12 months.
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The nurse is preparing an infant for inguinal hernia repair. Which preoperative intervention is most important?
- A. Administering a sedative.
- B. Ensuring NPO status.
- C. Applying a warm compress.
- D. Checking for allergies.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: NPO status is critical to prevent aspiration during anesthesia.
A toddler is scheduled to have tympanostomy tubes inserted. When approaching the toddler for the first time, which of the following should the nurse do?
- A. Talk to the mother first so that the toddler can get used to the new person.
- B. Hold the toddler so that the toddler becomes more comfortable.
- C. Walk over and pick the toddler up right away so that the mother can relax.
- D. Pick up the toddler and take the child to the play area so that the mother can rest.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Talking to the mother first allows the toddler to observe the nurse from a safe distance, helping the child become accustomed to the new person without causing immediate distress. This approach respects the toddler's developmental need for gradual introduction to strangers.
A 14-year-old has just had a plaster cast placed on his lower left leg. To provide safe cast care, the nurse should?
- A. Petal the cast as soon as it is put on.
- B. Keep the child in the same position for 24 hours until the cast is dry.
- C. Use only the palms of the hand when handling the cast.
- D. Notify the physician if the client complains of heat.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Using only the palms prevents indentations in the wet cast, which could cause pressure points or alter the cast's shape.
Which one of the following children is at most risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
- A. Infant who is 3 months old.
- B. 2-year-old who has apnea lasting up to 5 seconds.
- C. First-born child whose parents are in their 40s.
- D. 6-month-old who has had two bouts of pneumonia.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A 3-month-old infant is at the highest risk for SIDS, as the peak incidence occurs between 2 and 4 months of age.
The mother of a 4-year-old expresses concern that her child may be hyperactive. She describes the child as always in motion, constantly dropping and spilling things. Which of the following actions would be appropriate at this time?
- A. Determine whether there have been any changes at home.
- B. Explain that this is not unusual behavior.
- C. Explore the possibility that the child is being abused.
- D. Assess that the child be seen by a pediatric neurologist.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Assessing home changes helps identify triggers for the behavior before assuming pathology.