Nokea
Which of the following is considered a micronutrient?
- A. Protein
- B. Carbohydrate
- C. Vitamin C
- D. Fat
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Corrected Question: Vitamin C is considered a micronutrient because it is required in small amounts for proper body functioning and is essential for health. Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are macronutrients, needed in larger quantities for energy and other body functions. Vitamin C, being a micronutrient, plays a crucial role in various bodily functions even though it is needed in smaller quantities compared to macronutrients. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Choice A (Protein), Choice B (Carbohydrate), and Choice D (Fat) are incorrect as they are macronutrients required in larger amounts for energy and other body functions.
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What should be included in the medical management of a sickle cell crisis?
- A. Information for parents on home care
- B. Adequate hydration and pain management
- C. Pain management and iron supplements
- D. Adequate oxygenation and factor VIII
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adequate hydration and pain management. During a sickle cell crisis, it is essential to provide hydration to prevent vaso-occlusive events and manage pain effectively with analgesics. Adequate hydration helps maintain blood flow and prevent further sickling of red blood cells. Pain management is crucial to alleviate the severe pain associated with sickle cell crises. Options A, C, and D are incorrect. Providing information for parents on home care (Option A) may be important for ongoing management but is not specific to an acute crisis. Iron supplements (Option C) are not typically indicated during a sickle cell crisis. Adequate oxygenation and factor VIII (Option D) are not primary interventions for managing a sickle cell crisis; instead, oxygen therapy may be considered in severe cases, and factor VIII is not a standard treatment for sickle cell disease.
How should a healthcare provider respond to a parent concerned about their child's recurrent ear infections?
- A. Suggest regular use of over-the-counter ear drops
- B. Recommend a thorough evaluation by an ENT specialist
- C. Advise on increased antibiotic use
- D. Encourage avoiding all physical activities
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a parent expresses concerns about their child's recurrent ear infections, the best course of action is to recommend a thorough evaluation by an Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialist. This specialist can conduct a comprehensive assessment to identify the underlying cause of the ear infections and provide appropriate treatment options. Choice A is incorrect because suggesting over-the-counter ear drops without a proper evaluation may not address the root cause of the issue. Choice C is also incorrect as increasing antibiotic use without understanding the specific cause can lead to antibiotic resistance and may not be necessary. Choice D is incorrect as avoiding physical activities is unrelated to addressing recurrent ear infections and is not a recommended approach.
What is the result of the metabolism of energy nutrients?
- A. Energy is released.
- B. Body fat increases.
- C. Energy is destroyed.
- D. Body water decreases.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Energy is released during the metabolism of energy nutrients. This released energy is utilized by the body for various functions. Choice B is incorrect because the metabolism of energy nutrients does not directly result in an increase in body fat. Choice C is incorrect as energy is not destroyed but rather transformed and utilized by the body. Choice D is incorrect as the metabolism of energy nutrients does not lead to a decrease in body water.
How does a double-blind experiment work?
- A. Both subject groups take turns receiving each treatment.
- B. Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental group.
- C. Neither group of subjects knows whether they are in the control or experimental group, but the researchers do not know.
- D. Both subject groups know whether they are in the control or experimental group, but the researchers do not know.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. In a double-blind experiment, neither the subjects nor the researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental group. This helps to eliminate bias and ensure that the results are more objective. Choice A is incorrect as in a double-blind experiment, subjects do not take turns receiving each treatment; it is about masking the treatment allocation. Choice C is incorrect because it implies that the researchers are aware of the group allocation, which goes against the principle of blinding in a double-blind study. Choice D is incorrect as both subject groups should not know whether they are in the control or experimental group to maintain the blindness of the study.
How should a healthcare provider assist in the management of a child with type 1 diabetes?
- A. Provide high-carbohydrate snacks
- B. Schedule frequent blood glucose tests
- C. Increase dietary fat intake
- D. Encourage a high-protein diet
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For the management of type 1 diabetes in a child, scheduling frequent blood glucose tests is essential. These tests help in monitoring blood sugar levels, adjusting insulin doses, and ensuring proper glucose control. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Providing high-carbohydrate snacks can lead to blood sugar spikes, increasing dietary fat intake is not recommended, and encouraging a high-protein diet is not a standard recommendation for managing type 1 diabetes in children.