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Which of the following is considered normal for the neonate?
- A. Chest Circumference: 10 to 13 inches
- B. Length: 16 to 22 inches
- C. Weight: 1,500 to 4,000 g
- D. Head Circumference: 12.6 to 14.5 inches
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A normal head circumference for a neonate typically falls within the range of 12.6 to 14.5 inches. Choice A is incorrect because the chest circumference for a neonate is usually smaller. Choice B is incorrect as the length of a neonate is typically shorter. Choice C is incorrect as the weight of a neonate is usually measured in grams and falls within a different range.
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A nurse is assessing a client who has meningitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider immediately?
- A. Generalized rash over trunk
- B. Increased temperature
- C. Decreased level of consciousness
- D. Report of photophobia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased level of consciousness. In a client with meningitis, a decreased level of consciousness is a critical finding that should be reported immediately. This could indicate increased intracranial pressure or neurological deterioration, requiring prompt intervention. Choices A, B, and D are important in the assessment of meningitis but are not as immediately concerning as a decreased level of consciousness. A generalized rash over the trunk can be seen in meningococcal meningitis, an increased temperature is expected due to the inflammatory response, and photophobia is a common symptom due to meningeal irritation.
Which of the following foods enhances the absorption of an iron supplement?
- A. Orange juice
- B. Green beans
- C. Fortified milk
- D. Baked potato
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Orange juice. Orange juice enhances the absorption of an iron supplement due to its high vitamin C content. Vitamin C helps in the absorption of non-heme iron, the type of iron found in plant-based foods and iron supplements. Green beans, fortified milk, and baked potato do not have the same level of vitamin C as orange juice, making them less effective in enhancing iron absorption.
What does the mnemonic device ABCDE stand for?
- A. Allergy, bleeding, chemicals, dietary, environment
- B. Allergy, bleeding, cardio, diabetes, endocrine
- C. Allergy, bleeding, cardio, digestive, endocrine
- D. Allergy, bleeding, cortisone, diabetes, emboli
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Allergy, bleeding, cortisone, diabetes, emboli.' The ABCDE mnemonic is used in healthcare to help remember key assessment points. Choice A is incorrect as 'chemicals' and 'dietary' are not part of the ABCDE assessment. Choice B is incorrect as 'cardio' is not part of the ABCDE mnemonic. Choice C is incorrect as 'cardio' and 'digestive' are not part of the ABCDE mnemonic.
Which of the following is something a new model for health care in the future should include?
- A. Community-centered care
- B. Care that encourages a healthy environment
- C. Accessible care that is affordable for most
- D. A focus on local health concerns
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a new model for health care in the future should focus on promoting a healthy environment. This includes initiatives such as green buildings and reducing pollution to improve overall health outcomes. Choice A, community-centered care, is important but not the primary focus when considering the future of healthcare. Choice C, accessible and affordable care, is crucial but does not directly address the need for a healthy environment. Choice D, a focus on local health concerns, is relevant but not as comprehensive as promoting a healthy environment in shaping the future of healthcare.
A nurse is assessing a client with a suspected diagnosis of hypocalcemia. Which of the following clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to note in the client?
- A. Twitching
- B. Positive Trousseau's sign
- C. Hyperactive bowel sounds
- D. Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Twitching. Hypocalcemia often presents with neuromuscular irritability, leading to manifestations such as twitching. Trousseau's sign is actually a positive indicator of hypocalcemia, not negative, making choice B incorrect. Hypoactive bowel sounds are not typically associated with hypocalcemia, making choice C incorrect. Similarly, hypoactive deep tendon reflexes are not a common finding in hypocalcemia, making choice D incorrect.