Nokea
Which of the following is corresponding to the following statement: this drug is used for diabetes mellitus and while using there is an increased risk of pancreatitis:
- A. Miglitol
- B. Pioglitazon
- C. Exenatide
- D. Glimepiride
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Exenatide, a GLP-1 agonist, treats diabetes and has a known risk of pancreatitis as a rare but serious side effect.
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A nurse on a medical-surgical unit administers a hypnotic medication to an older adult client at 2100 . The next morning, the client is drowsy and wants to sleep instead of eating breakfast. Which of the following factors should the nurse identify as a possible reason for the client's drowsiness?
- A. Reduced cardiac function
- B. First pass effect
- C. Reduced hepatic function
- D. Increased gastric motility
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reduced hepatic function in older adults slows metabolism of hypnotics, prolonging drowsiness.
Corticosteroids are acting on:
- A. Ion channels
- B. Thirosinkinase
- C. G-proteins
- D. genome and cases gene transcription
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Corticosteroids act on the genome, binding to receptors that regulate gene transcription.
The nurse is preparing to administer a medication from a multidose bottle. The label is torn and soiled but the name of the medication is still readable. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Discard the entire bottle and contents and obtain a new bottle.
- B. Find the drug information and create a new label for the bottle.
- C. Ask another nurse to verify the contents of the bottle.
- D. Administer the medication if the name of the drug can be clearly read.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When the drug label is soiled obscuring some information the safest action by the nurse is to discard the bottle and contents because drug labels contain a great deal of important information, far more than just the name of the drug. Concentration of the drug, expiration date, administration directions, and precautions may be missing from the label and so put the patient at risk. Looking up drug information in a drug handbook or consulting with another nurse will not supply the expiration date or concentration of medication. Be safe and discard the bottle and its contents.
A provider prescribes phenobarbital for a client who has a seizure disorder. The medication has a long half-life of 4 days. How many times per day should the nurse expect to administer this medication?
- A. One
- B. Two
- C. Three
- D. Four
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A long half-life of 4 days means the drug remains effective for an extended period, typically requiring once-daily dosing.
What patient populations would the nurse expect is most likely to be prescribed a drug for an off-label use?
- A. Adolescent and middle-aged adult patients
- B. Patients with diabetes or heart disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Patients with chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease are more likely to receive off-label prescriptions due to limited standard treatment options or the need for alternative therapies when conventional drugs are ineffective. Adolescents and middle-aged adults are less likely unless specific conditions warrant it, but the document cuts off, and based on clinical context, chronic disease patients are a common focus for off-label use.