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Which of the following is likely to facilitate union activity?
- A. Managers communicating effectively with employees
- B. Managers listening to concerns of employees
- C. Belief that low wages cause job dissatisfaction
- D. Belief that supervisors are not understanding of unionizing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Low wages may lead to job dissatisfaction, prompting employees to seek unionization for better pay.
Step 2: A direct correlation exists between low wages and union activity due to dissatisfaction.
Step 3: This belief can motivate employees to band together for collective bargaining.
Step 4: Effective communication or listening by managers does not directly facilitate union activity.
Step 5: The perception of supervisors' understanding is secondary to the root cause of dissatisfaction.
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Which of the following best describes the ethical concept of values?
- A. Values are an individual’s feelings about situations.
- B. Values are learned through family systems.
- C. Values are organized ways of thinking about the meaning of life.
- D. Values determine the rightness or wrongness of behavior.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because values are indeed organized ways of thinking about the meaning of life. Values represent core beliefs and principles that guide an individual's behavior and decision-making. They provide a framework for understanding what is important and meaningful in life.
A is incorrect because values are not just feelings but rather deeply held beliefs. B is incorrect as values can be influenced by family systems but are not solely learned through them. D is incorrect because while values can inform moral judgments, they themselves do not determine the rightness or wrongness of behavior.
Which of the following is an example of an ethical dilemma in nursing?
- A. Choosing between two equally undesirable alternatives
- B. Reporting a colleague's unethical behavior
- C. Balancing patient confidentiality with the need to disclose information
- D. Deciding whether to comply with a patient's request that conflicts with professional ethics
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it presents a situation where a nurse must navigate conflicting values, such as respecting patient autonomy while upholding professional ethical standards. By complying with the patient's request, the nurse may compromise ethical principles.
A: Choosing between two equally undesirable alternatives is a moral dilemma, not necessarily an ethical dilemma.
B: Reporting a colleague's unethical behavior is an ethical obligation, not a dilemma.
C: Balancing patient confidentiality with the need to disclose information is an ethical consideration, but it does not inherently present a dilemma as it can be managed through established guidelines.
Which of the following is true of malpractice?
- A. Malpractice occurs when a professional shares information about a patient that could damage that patient’s reputation.
- B. Malpractice is a serious criminal offense.
- C. Malpractice is a minor criminal offense.
- D. Malpractice is a negligent act by an individual whose duties require specialized education.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because malpractice is defined as a negligent act by an individual with specialized education. This involves a breach of duty owed to a patient, resulting in harm or injury. Choice A is incorrect as it refers to breach of confidentiality, not malpractice. Choice B and C are incorrect as malpractice is a civil offense, not a criminal offense. Malpractice is a serious issue as it can have significant consequences for patients and professionals.
Which of the following best describes the concept of total quality management (TQM)?
- A. Top-down management
- B. Employee-centered approach
- C. Continuous improvement
- D. Quality control
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Continuous improvement. Total Quality Management (TQM) focuses on constantly improving processes, products, and services to meet or exceed customer expectations. TQM involves all employees in identifying and solving problems, emphasizing continuous learning and innovation.
A: Top-down management is incorrect because TQM encourages involvement and empowerment of employees at all levels, not just top management.
B: Employee-centered approach is incorrect because while TQM values employees and their contributions, it is primarily focused on improving overall quality and processes, not solely centered on employees.
D: Quality control is incorrect because TQM goes beyond traditional quality control methods to encompass a holistic approach to quality management through continuous improvement efforts.
Your nurse manager talks with you once per week to determine how you are adjusting to your role as a new nurse. She asks if you feel that you are able to provide good care to your patients, whether you are becoming familiar with the electronic health record, and whether your preceptor is encouraging your independence. This manager is demonstrating:
- A. An intrusive style.
- B. An effort to understand if you are coping with the demands.
- C. An attempt to intimidate.
- D. An authoritarian style.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the nurse manager is showing genuine concern for the new nurse's well-being and professional development. By asking about the nurse's ability to provide care, familiarity with the EHR, and support from the preceptor, the manager is seeking to understand and support the nurse's adjustment to the new role. This approach fosters open communication and a supportive environment.
Incorrect Choices:
A: An intrusive style implies invading personal boundaries, which is not evident in the scenario.
C: Intimidation involves creating fear or anxiety, which is not reflected in the manager's behavior.
D: An authoritarian style is characterized by strict control and limited feedback, which contradicts the manager's supportive and open approach.