Nokea
Which of the following is not a function of saliva?
- A. to initiate protein digestion
- B. to aid in cleansing the teeth
- C. to lubricate the pharynx
- D. to assist in formation of the bolus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Saliva contains amylase for carbohydrate digestion, but it does not initiate protein digestion.
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Enteroendocrine cells of stomach, show the following EXCEPT:
- A. Stained with silver nitrate or chromium salts.
- B. Have apical secretory granules.
- C. Divided into open type & closed type.
- D. Are also called argentaffin cells.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Enteroendocrine cells have basal secretory granules, not apical, as they release hormones into the bloodstream.
What provides the luminal surface of the intestinal wall its characteristics?
- A. Smooth and slippery due to peritoneum
- B. Smooth and slippery due to mucus from epithelial cells
- C. Rough due to villi
- D. Dry due to serosa
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The luminal surface is smooth and slippery due to mucus secreted by goblet cells in the mucosa, not the peritoneum, which is external.
A digestive enzyme, salivary amylase, in the saliva begin digestion of-
- A. Carbohydrates
- B. Protein
- C. Fats
- D. Nucleic acids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Salivary amylase (ptyalin) in saliva begins the digestion of carbohydrates by breaking down starches into simpler sugars like maltose.
What additional role does the pancreas play?
- A. Regulates blood sugar
- B. Produces bile
- C. Stores vitamins
- D. Secretes mucus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pancreas has an endocrine role, releasing insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar.
Which part of the digestion process speeds up the break down of food?
- A. enzymes
- B. peristalsis
- C. villi
- D. bile
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Enzymes are biological catalysts that accelerate the chemical breakdown of food.