Nokea
Which of the following is not a function of the adult liver?
- A. glycogen storage
- B. detoxification
- C. synthesis of clotting proteins
- D. erythropoiesis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: erythropoiesis. The liver does not have a primary role in the production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis), which is mainly carried out by the bone marrow.
A: The liver stores glycogen for energy regulation.
B: Detoxification is a crucial function of the liver, breaking down harmful substances.
C: The liver synthesizes clotting proteins like fibrinogen.
In summary, while the liver is vital for glycogen storage, detoxification, and clotting protein synthesis, it does not play a significant role in erythropoiesis.
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The functions of the colon include the following except:
- A. Absorption of water
- B. Absorption of sodium
- C. Absorption of chloride
- D. Absorption of calcium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Absorption of calcium. The colon primarily absorbs water, sodium, and chloride, but not calcium. Calcium absorption mainly occurs in the small intestine. The colon's main function is to absorb water and electrolytes, and to store and eliminate waste. Therefore, absorption of calcium does not occur in the colon, making choice D the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as the colon is involved in the absorption of water, sodium, and chloride, respectively.
Mumps is inflammation of the ______ salivary gland caused by a virus.
- A. buccal
- B. sublingual
- C. submandibular
- D. parotid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: parotid. Mumps is inflammation of the parotid salivary gland. The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland located near the ear. It is commonly affected by the mumps virus, causing swelling and pain.
Rationale:
1. The parotid gland is the main salivary gland affected by the mumps virus.
2. The other choices, buccal, sublingual, and submandibular glands, are not typically associated with mumps.
3. Understanding the anatomical location and function of the salivary glands helps in identifying the correct answer.
Which of these processes occurs in the mouth?
- A. ingestion
- B. mechanical digestion
- C. chemical digestion
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the mouth, ingestion occurs when food is taken in. Mechanical digestion occurs through chewing and mixing food with saliva. Chemical digestion begins with enzymes in saliva breaking down carbohydrates. Therefore, all processes (ingestion, mechanical digestion, and chemical digestion) occur in the mouth. Other choices are incorrect because they do not encompass all the processes that happen in the mouth.
The nurse is educating a group of older adults on ways to prevent falls. Which statement made by an older adult indicates the need for further teaching?
- A. "I will make sure that I wear my glasses when I walk outside."
- B. "I should make sure my home is free of clutter to prevent tripping."
- C. "I'll make sure I get up slowly from a sitting position to prevent dizziness."
- D. "I won't need to wear shoes in the house since I am only walking a short distance."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Walking barefoot increases the risk of slipping and falling, especially for older adults with balance issues. Wearing shoes indoors provides stability and reduces the risk of falls. Choices A, B, and C all demonstrate good fall prevention strategies by addressing vision, home safety, and orthostatic hypotension respectively.
Which of the following statements are correct? P. Mechanical digestion occurs in the stomach. Q. Cholecystokinin, gastrin and secretin are produced by an enteroendocrine cells. R. Pancreas, small intestine and salivary glands produce digestive enzymes. S. Mucous neck cells, chief cells, parietal cells present in the stomach.
- A. P and Q
- B. Q and R
- C. P,Q and R
- D. P,Q,R and S
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sure! Here is a step-by-step rationale for why answer choice D is correct:
P. Mechanical digestion occurs in the stomach: This statement is correct as the stomach performs mechanical digestion through the churning and mixing of food with gastric juices.
Q. Cholecystokinin, gastrin, and secretin are produced by enteroendocrine cells: This statement is correct as these hormones are indeed produced by enteroendocrine cells to regulate various digestive processes.
R. Pancreas, small intestine, and salivary glands produce digestive enzymes: This statement is correct as these organs are key producers of digestive enzymes essential for breaking down food components.
S. Mucous neck cells, chief cells, parietal cells are present in the stomach: This statement is correct as these are the types of cells found in the gastric glands of the stomach responsible for producing mucus, pepsinogen, and hydrochloric acid, respectively.
In summary, all the statements in answer choice D