Nokea
Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?
- A. Carbon dioxide
- B. Water vapor
- C. Nitrogen
- D. Methane
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
A) Carbon dioxide: Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that is naturally present in the Earth's atmosphere and is also released through human activities such as burning fossil fuels.
B) Water vapor: Water vapor is a greenhouse gas that is naturally present in the atmosphere and plays a significant role in the Earth's climate system.
C) Nitrogen: Nitrogen is not considered a greenhouse gas because it does not have the ability to absorb and emit infrared radiation in the same way that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane do.
D) Methane: Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that is released through natural processes such as wetland decomposition and human activities such as livestock farming and fossil fuel extraction.
Therefore, the correct answer is C) Nitrogen, as it is not a greenhouse gas.
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What is the difference between a ventral and dorsal root of a spinal nerve?
- A. Ventral carries motor, dorsal carries sensory information.
- B. Ventral carries sensory, dorsal carries motor information.
- C. Ventral is larger, dorsal is smaller.
- D. Ventral is located anteriorly, dorsal is posteriorly.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ventral carries motor, dorsal carries sensory information. In the spinal nerve, the ventral root carries motor information from the spinal cord to the muscles, while the dorsal root carries sensory information from the peripheral sensory receptors to the spinal cord. Therefore, other choices are incorrect. Choice B is incorrect as it states the opposite roles of ventral and dorsal roots. Choice C is incorrect as the size comparison between ventral and dorsal roots is not related to their functions. Choice D is incorrect as the terms 'anteriorly' and 'posteriorly' are not commonly used to describe the locations of ventral and dorsal roots in relation to each other.
Which of these organisms belongs to the kingdom Protista?
- A. Coral
- B. Yeast
- C. Euglena
- D. Mushroom
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A) Coral belongs to the kingdom Animalia, specifically in the phylum Cnidaria. B) Yeast belongs to the kingdom Fungi. C) Euglena is a unicellular organism that belongs to the kingdom Protista. It is a type of protist that has characteristics of both plants and animals. D) Mushroom belongs to the kingdom Fungi. Therefore, among the options provided, only Euglena belongs to the kingdom Protista.
Which neurotransmitter is associated with mood regulation, sleep, and appetite?
- A. Acetylcholine
- B. Dopamine
- C. Serotonin
- D. GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Serotonin. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in mood regulation, sleep, and appetite. It helps regulate emotions, mood, and behavior. Imbalances in serotonin levels have been associated with conditions such as depression, anxiety, and eating disorders.
Choice A, Acetylcholine, is primarily involved in muscle control and memory functions. Choice B, Dopamine, is associated with reward, motivation, and motor control. Choice D, GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid), is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps reduce neuronal excitability and is not directly linked to mood regulation, sleep, or appetite.
The immune response can be categorized into two main branches:
- A. Humoral and cellular
- B. Innate and adaptive
- C. Primary and secondary
- D. Active and passive
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: - The immune response can be broadly categorized into two main branches: the humoral immune response and the cellular immune response.
- The humoral immune response involves the production of antibodies by B cells and is primarily responsible for defending against extracellular pathogens such as bacteria and viruses in the bloodstream and tissues.
- The cellular immune response involves the activation of T cells, which can directly kill infected cells or help coordinate the immune response. This branch is crucial for combating intracellular pathogens like viruses and some bacteria.
- Options B, C, and D do not accurately represent the main branches of the immune response and are therefore incorrect.
What is a reaction between an acid and a base known as?
- A. Precipitation
- B. Neutralization
- C. Oxidation-reduction
- D. Photolysis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Neutralization. When an acid and a base react, they neutralize each other's properties, resulting in the formation of water and a salt. Choice A, 'Precipitation,' refers to the formation of a solid from a solution during a chemical reaction. Choice C, 'Oxidation-reduction,' involves the transfer of electrons between reactants. Choice D, 'Photolysis,' is a reaction where a compound is broken down into smaller components by light energy. Therefore, the most appropriate term for a reaction between an acid and a base is neutralization.