Nokea
Which of the following is NOT a major function of the respiratory system in humans?
- A. It provides a large surface area for gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- B. It helps regulate the blood's pH.
- C. It helps cushion the heart against jarring motions.
- D. It is responsible for vocalization.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Option C, 'It helps cushion the heart against jarring motions,' is NOT a major function of the respiratory system in humans. The primary functions of the respiratory system include gas exchange, regulation of blood pH, and vocalization. The respiratory system does not play a role in cushioning the heart; that function is primarily carried out by the pericardium and other protective structures around the heart. Choices A, B, and D are major functions of the respiratory system in humans. Choice A refers to the respiratory system's role in gas exchange, Choice B highlights its involvement in regulating blood pH, and Choice D points out its responsibility for vocalization.
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What controls muscles by sending electrical impulses to the muscles?
- A. Blood vessels
- B. Nerves
- C. Hormones
- D. Neurons
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nerves control muscles by transmitting electrical impulses that initiate muscle contractions. Blood vessels are responsible for transporting blood, not controlling muscles. Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands to regulate bodily functions, not specifically controlling muscles. Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system that transmit signals, but nerves are the specific structures that control muscles by sending electrical impulses.
Which chamber of the heart is the largest?
- A. Right atrium
- B. Left atrium
- C. Right ventricle
- D. Left ventricle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, the left ventricle. The left ventricle is the largest and strongest chamber of the heart. It is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the entire body through the aorta, playing a crucial role in the circulatory system. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body, the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, and the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation. However, the left ventricle is the largest chamber and performs the vital function of pumping oxygen-rich blood to the body.
Which of the following are functions of the liver?
- A. Supports waste disposal
- B. Aids in blood clotting through plasma protein synthesis
- C. Emulsifies fats through bile production
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The liver performs various essential functions in the body. It supports waste disposal by breaking down toxins and producing bile to eliminate waste, aids in blood clotting through the synthesis of plasma proteins like fibrinogen, and emulsifies fats by producing bile that helps in fat digestion. All the statements accurately describe functions of the liver, making option D 'All of the above' the correct choice. Option A is incorrect as it oversimplifies the waste disposal function without mentioning the breakdown of toxins. Option B is incorrect as it only focuses on blood clotting and not the other functions of the liver. Option C is incorrect as it solely emphasizes fat emulsification and does not cover the liver's other crucial roles.
Which part of the ear is responsible for transmitting sound vibrations to the inner ear?
- A. Cochlea
- B. Ossicles
- C. Semicircular canals
- D. Eustachian tube
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ossicles. The ossicles, consisting of the malleus, incus, and stapes, are located in the middle ear. They play a crucial role in transmitting sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear, specifically to the cochlea. The cochlea is responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals for the brain to interpret. The semicircular canals are not involved in transmitting sound but are responsible for balance and orientation. The eustachian tube's function is to help equalize pressure in the middle ear, not to transmit sound vibrations.
What are chromosomes made of?
- A. DNA and RNA
- B. DNA and protein
- C. Protein and RNA
- D. DNA and lipids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chromosomes are made up of DNA and associated proteins. These proteins help package and organize the DNA within the cell, playing a crucial role in gene regulation and cell division. While RNA is involved in various cellular processes, it is not a primary component of chromosomes. Lipids are not a fundamental component of chromosomes, which primarily consist of DNA and proteins.