Nokea
Which of the following is not a therapeutic indication of bone marrow puncture?
- A. Analgesia
- B. Antibiotics
- C. Anaesthesia
- D. Inflammation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Bone marrow puncture is not indicated for analgesia but for diagnostic purposes.
2. Antibiotics may be indicated to prevent infection during the procedure.
3. Anaesthesia may be used to minimize pain and discomfort.
4. Inflammation is a condition that may necessitate bone marrow puncture for diagnosis.
Therefore, choice A is the correct answer as it does not align with the therapeutic indications of bone marrow puncture.
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State whether each of the following statement is true (T) or false (F):
I. Epilepsy has a genetic predisposition and can be inherited
II. Old age is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease
- A. TT
- B. FT
- C. TF
- D. FF
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (A):
I. Epilepsy can have a genetic predisposition, as certain genetic factors can increase the likelihood of developing epilepsy, making statement I true (T).
II. Old age is indeed a risk factor for Parkinson's disease, as the incidence of the disease increases with age, making statement II true (T).
Therefore, the correct answer is A (TT).
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
B: FT - This choice is incorrect because both statements I and II are true.
C: TF - This choice is incorrect because statement I is true (T) and statement II is also true (T).
D: FF - This choice is incorrect because both statements I and II are true.
Parkinson's disease is associated with the loss of which of the following neurotransmitter?
- A. Serotonin
- B. Adrenaline
- C. Dopamine
- D. GABA
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dopamine. Parkinson's disease is primarily caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. Dopamine is crucial for controlling movement, mood, and cognition. Serotonin (A) is not directly related to Parkinson's. Adrenaline (B) is involved in the fight-or-flight response, not Parkinson's. GABA (D) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, not typically associated with Parkinson's disease.
How does socioeconomic status impact health?
- A. It affects access to resources and health care.
- B. It has no significant impact on health.
- C. It only affects mental health.
- D. It determines genetic predisposition to diseases.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because socioeconomic status influences access to resources like nutritious food, safe housing, and healthcare services, directly impacting health outcomes. This is supported by numerous studies showing the link between lower socioeconomic status and higher rates of chronic diseases. Choices B and C are incorrect as socioeconomic status does have a significant impact on health, not just mental health. Choice D is incorrect as genetic predisposition to diseases is determined by genetics, not socioeconomic status.
When assessing a community to determine its health needs, which data would be most useful?
- A. Demographic data
- B. Health behavior data
- C. Environmental data
- D. Morbidity and mortality data
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Morbidity and mortality data. This data provides direct information on the health status of the community by indicating the prevalence of diseases and deaths. It helps identify major health issues, prioritize interventions, and allocate resources effectively. Demographic data (A) provides information on population characteristics but does not directly reflect health needs. Health behavior data (B) offers insights into lifestyle choices but may not capture underlying health conditions. Environmental data (C) focuses on external factors impacting health, which are important but not as direct in indicating community health needs as morbidity and mortality data.
Which fluid is used in the management of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) loss and burns?
- A. Ringer's lactate
- B. Normal saline
- C. Dextrose
- D. Blood
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ringer's lactate. Ringer's lactate is used in managing GIT loss and burns due to its balanced electrolyte composition, which closely resembles the electrolyte content of plasma. It helps replace lost fluids and maintain electrolyte balance. Normal saline (B) lacks bicarbonate and may lead to metabolic acidosis. Dextrose (C) provides energy but does not address fluid and electrolyte losses. Blood (D) is not typically used for fluid resuscitation in these cases unless there is severe hemorrhage.