Nokea
Which of the following is NOT an acceptable abbreviation?
- A. D/C
- B. tid
- C. bid
- D. qid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: D/C. D/C is not an acceptable abbreviation as it can be easily confused with both 'discharge' and 'discontinue.' The abbreviations 'tid' (three times a day), 'bid' (twice a day), and 'qid' (four times a day) are commonly used in medical contexts to indicate dosing frequencies and are widely accepted in healthcare settings.
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Which of the following is the most likely cause of constipation in a client?
- A. Postponing bowel movement when the urge to defecate occurs
- B. Intestinal infection
- C. Antibiotic use
- D. Food allergies
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to postpone bowel movement when the urge to defecate occurs. Clients who delay bowel movements by ignoring the urge to defecate or not evacuating promptly, such as in situations where they are not near a bathroom, are at higher risk of developing constipation. This behavior leads to a decrease in bowel movement frequency, slowed intestinal motility, and increased fecal water absorption, resulting in hard, dry stools that are difficult to pass. Intestinal infection (choice B), antibiotic use (choice C), and food allergies (choice D) are less likely to be direct causes of constipation compared to postponing bowel movements.
Which statement best describes evidence-based practice?
- A. Reading and analyzing research reports to determine their implementation in nursing practice
- B. Collecting data to evaluate the efficiency of nursing practice in delivering quality care
- C. Monitoring unit practices to ensure adherence to Joint Commission standards
- D. Using the most effective, current, and applicable information to guide nursing care for the best outcomes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Evidence-based practice involves utilizing the most effective, current, and relevant information to inform nursing care decisions for optimal client outcomes. While research reports and data collection are important components of evidence-based practice, the essence lies in integrating all available information to determine the best course of action. Monitoring compliance with standards, as described in choices A and C, is essential for quality assurance but does not capture the comprehensive nature of evidence-based practice.
Which of the following is an example of a positive effect of exercise on a client?
- A. Decreased basal metabolic rate
- B. Decreased venous return
- C. Decreased work of breathing
- D. Decreased gastric motility
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Decreased work of breathing.' Exercise has numerous positive effects on clients, such as increasing metabolic rate, improving gastric motility, and enhancing venous return. When a client exercises regularly, their work of breathing decreases, meaning that everyday activities require less exertion. This is beneficial as it indicates improved cardiovascular and respiratory efficiency. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because a decreased basal metabolic rate, decreased venous return, and decreased gastric motility are not typically considered positive effects of exercise. Instead, an increased basal metabolic rate, improved venous return, and optimal gastric motility are desired outcomes associated with physical activity.
A client is about to have a TENS unit attached for pain relief. Which of the following actions is most appropriate in this situation?
- A. Inform the client that he may experience tingling sensations.
- B. Connect the TENS unit before the client goes to bed for the night.
- C. Inform the client that the TENS unit may have pain-reducing effects for 10 to 15 days.
- D. After treatment, inform the client that he may not use a TENS unit again for at least 2 weeks.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When attaching a TENS unit for pain relief, it is essential to inform the client that he may experience tingling sensations. This is a common sensation experienced when using a TENS unit, but it should not cause muscle twitching. The therapeutic effects of a TENS unit usually last between 3 to 5 days. Choice B is incorrect because there is no specific recommendation to connect the TENS unit before bedtime. Choice C is incorrect as stating that the TENS unit may have pain-reducing effects for 10 to 15 days is inaccurate, as the effects typically last 3 to 5 days. Choice D is incorrect because there is no guideline suggesting that the client cannot use a TENS unit again for at least 2 weeks after treatment.
The nurse should wash from the ________________________ when washing a patient's eye area.
- A. outer canthus to the inner canthus
- B. inner canthus to the outer canthus
- C. internal nares to the external nares
- D. external nares to the internal nares
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When washing a patient's eye area, it is important to start from the inner canthus (closest to the nose) and move towards the outer canthus. This direction prevents any contaminants or debris from the outer area of the eye from moving towards the inner, more sensitive area. Choices C and D are incorrect as they pertain to the nasal passages (nares), which are not relevant when washing the eye area.