Nokea
Which of the following is NOT an example of a homeostatic mechanism?
- A. Shivering when the body temperature falls.
- B. Increasing heart rate when blood pressure is low.
- C. Weight gain when consuming excess calories.
- D. Secreting insulin to decrease blood sugar concentration.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Weight gain when consuming excess calories is not an example of a homeostatic mechanism. Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. The other options listed (A, B, and D) involve physiological responses aimed at restoring balance or stability within the body (e.g., regulating body temperature, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels). Shivering, increasing heart rate, and secreting insulin are mechanisms to counteract specific imbalances and maintain internal equilibrium. In contrast, weight gain due to excess calorie intake does not represent a specific regulatory mechanism but rather an outcome of energy imbalance. The body stores excess energy as fat rather than actively regulating a physiological parameter to restore balance.
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What is the primary function of Bartholin's glands?
- A. Secretes hormones that help the body respond to stress
- B. Provide lubrication for the vagina
- C. Helps control growth and development of the body
- D. Stimulate the development of T cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bartholin's glands are two small glands located on each side of the vaginal opening. Their primary function is to secrete fluids that help lubricate the vagina during sexual arousal. This lubrication helps to reduce friction and discomfort during sexual activity, making intercourse more comfortable and pleasurable. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Bartholin's glands do not secrete hormones to respond to stress, control growth and development, or stimulate the development of T cells. Their main role is specifically related to vaginal lubrication.
If every child in a certain family suffers from autism, what possible conclusion can be drawn about autism?
- A. Autism may be lethal.
- B. Autism may be genetic.
- C. Autism is related to traditional nuclear family structures.
- D. No conclusion can be drawn based on this evidence.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The possible conclusion that can be drawn from every child in a certain family suffering from autism is that autism may be genetic. The fact that every child in the family has autism suggests a strong genetic influence on the condition within this particular family. This does not necessarily mean that autism is solely genetic in all cases, but in this specific family, the pattern of all children being affected points towards a genetic connection. Choice A is incorrect as the information provided does not suggest that autism is lethal. Choice C is incorrect as there is no evidence to support a relationship between autism and traditional nuclear family structures. Choice D is incorrect because a conclusion can be drawn from the given evidence, indicating a potential genetic link within this specific family.
Which of the following functions is NOT performed by the integumentary system, the skin?
- A. Protect internal tissues from injury
- B. Waterproof the body
- C. Help regulate body temperature
- D. Return fluid to the blood vessels
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The integumentary system, which includes the skin, performs various functions like protecting internal tissues from injury, waterproofing the body, and helping regulate body temperature. The function of returning fluid to the blood vessels is primarily associated with the lymphatic system, not the integumentary system. The skin contributes to fluid balance by regulating sweating and preventing excessive water loss, but it does not directly return fluid to the blood vessels, making this the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are functions directly related to the integumentary system and are essential for maintaining the body's overall health and well-being.
How many tissue layers make up the uterus?
- A. One.
- B. Two.
- C. Three.
- D. Four.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Three.' The uterus is composed of three tissue layers: the endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium. The endometrium is the innermost layer that thickens during the menstrual cycle and sheds during menstruation or supports a developing embryo during pregnancy. The myometrium is the middle layer, consisting of muscle tissue that contracts during labor. The perimetrium is the outer layer that covers the uterus. These three layers work together to support the functions of the uterus, such as menstruation, pregnancy, and labor. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the uterus is not made up of just one or two layers but rather three distinct tissue layers.
Which of the following represents the three main parts of a neuron?
- A. effector, cell body, axon
- B. dendrites, axon, cell body
- C. dendrites, axon, receptor
- D. synapse, axon, cell body
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A neuron consists of three main parts: dendrites, axon, and cell body. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons or sensory receptors. The cell body (soma) contains the nucleus and organelles essential for neuron function. The axon transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands. Choice A is incorrect because an effector is not a part of a neuron. Choice C is incorrect because a receptor is not a component of a neuron but rather interacts with neurons. Choice D is incorrect because the synapse is a junction between neurons for signal transmission, not a structural part of a neuron.