Nokea
Which of the following is not associated with mucosal surfaces?
- A. mucus-secreting goblet cells
- B. lysozyme
- C. M cells
- D. white pulp
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: white pulp. White pulp is a component of the spleen and is not directly associated with mucosal surfaces. Mucosal surfaces are lined with mucus-secreting goblet cells (A) that provide a protective barrier. Lysozyme (B) is an enzyme found in tears, saliva, and mucus that helps defend against bacterial infections on mucosal surfaces. M cells (C) are specialized cells in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue that transport antigens from the gut lumen to immune cells. In summary, white pulp is not part of mucosal surfaces, making it the correct answer.
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In irritable bowel syndrome antibiotics are:
- A. The drug of choice for treatment
- B. Used a pain relief
- C. Ineffective
- D. Only prescribed in those over 18 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Antibiotics are ineffective in treating irritable bowel syndrome because IBS is not caused by bacterial infections. IBS is a functional disorder of the digestive system. Antibiotics do not target the underlying causes of IBS such as altered gut motility or visceral hypersensitivity. Therefore, using antibiotics to treat IBS would not address the root of the problem and would be ineffective. Other choices are incorrect because antibiotics are not the primary treatment for IBS, they are not used for pain relief in IBS, and there is no age restriction for prescribing antibiotics in IBS treatment.
Which medication might the nurse question if administered to the client with anemia?
- A. Cipro
- B. Lisinopril
- C. Acetaminophen
- D. Ferrous sulfate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin levels.
Step 2: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor commonly used to treat hypertension, but it can cause anemia as a side effect.
Step 3: Administering Lisinopril to a client with anemia can worsen the condition by further reducing red blood cell production.
Step 4: Therefore, the nurse should question administering Lisinopril to a client with anemia to avoid exacerbating the condition.
Summary:
- A (Cipro): An antibiotic, not typically contraindicated in anemia.
- C (Acetaminophen): A pain reliever, not directly related to anemia.
- D (Ferrous sulfate): Iron supplement, actually used to treat anemia.
A 35-year-old woman with fatigue, shortness of breath, recent Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Hb 9.0 g/dL, MCV 110 fL, icteric. Best next diagnostic test?
- A. Serum protein electrophoresis
- B. Flow cytometry
- C. Peripheral blood smear
- D. Glucose-6-PD level
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, peripheral blood smear. A peripheral blood smear is the best next diagnostic test in this case to evaluate the red blood cell morphology for signs of hemolysis, such as spherocytes or schistocytes, which could indicate hemolytic anemia. This is important given the patient's symptoms, anemia (Hb 9.0 g/dL), elevated MCV (110 fL), and icteric appearance, suggestive of hemolysis. Serum protein electrophoresis (choice A) is not indicated for the evaluation of anemia. Flow cytometry (choice B) is not typically used in the initial workup of hemolytic anemia. Glucose-6-PD level (choice D) may be useful in diagnosing certain types of hemolytic anemia but is not the best initial test in this case.
World AIDS Day is:
- A. May 12th
- B. December 1st
- C. July 4th
- D. April 1st
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: World AIDS Day is celebrated on December 1st globally to raise awareness about HIV/AIDS. This date was chosen to honor those who have died from the illness and support those living with it. Option A, May 12th, Option C, July 4th, and Option D, April 1st, are incorrect as they do not correspond to the designated date for World AIDS Day.
Iron is absorbed in:
- A. The stomach
- B. The ileum
- C. The jejunum
- D. The duodenum
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Iron is primarily absorbed in the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. The duodenum is where iron is released from food and converted into a form that can be absorbed by the body. The acidic environment in the stomach helps to break down iron-containing compounds, but actual absorption occurs in the duodenum. The ileum and jejunum are also parts of the small intestine, but they are not the primary sites of iron absorption. The stomach is involved in initial digestion but not in the absorption of iron. Therefore, the correct answer is D, the duodenum.