Nokea
Which of the following is not considered one of the four cornerstones or pillars in primary health care?
- A. Active community participation
- B. Support mechanisms made available
- C. Use of appropriate technology
- D. Inter-sectoral linkages only
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D because inter-sectoral linkages are not the only cornerstone of primary health care. The four cornerstones are active community participation, support mechanisms, appropriate technology, and inter-sectoral collaboration. Inter-sectoral linkages refer to collaboration between different sectors, but it is not the sole pillar. Active community participation involves engaging communities in decision-making, support mechanisms ensure access to essential health services, and appropriate technology focuses on the use of suitable tools for healthcare delivery. Therefore, D is the correct answer as it does not encompass the comprehensive scope of primary health care principles.
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Malnutrition continues to be a public health concern in the country. The common nutritional deficiencies are the following, except:
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Iron
- C. Iodine
- D. Calcium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Calcium. Calcium deficiency is not a common nutritional deficiency in the context of malnutrition. Malnutrition usually leads to deficiencies in Vitamin A, Iron, and Iodine due to inadequate intake of these nutrients. Calcium deficiency is less common in malnutrition cases as it is mainly associated with specific conditions like osteoporosis or lactose intolerance. Therefore, the common nutritional deficiencies in malnutrition do not typically include Calcium.
Care provided by specialists in health facilities such as medical centers, regional, and provincial hospitals falls under which level of care?
- A. Secondary level of care
- B. Tertiary level of care
- C. Primary level of care
- D. Intermediate level of care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tertiary level of care. Specialists in health facilities like medical centers, regional, and provincial hospitals provide specialized and complex care, which is characteristic of tertiary care. This level of care involves advanced medical procedures, specialized equipment, and highly trained healthcare professionals. Primary care (choice C) focuses on preventive and basic healthcare services, while secondary care (choice A) provides more specialized services compared to primary care but is not as advanced as tertiary care. Intermediate care (choice D) typically refers to care that falls between secondary and tertiary levels but lacks the complexity and specialization of tertiary care.
Which of the following is used to monitor specific groups eligible for a certain program of the DOH?
- A. Family treatment record
- B. Target Client list
- C. Reporting forms
- D. Output record
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Target Client list. This is used to monitor specific groups eligible for a certain program of the Department of Health (DOH).
- A: Family treatment record is specific to tracking treatment history, not program eligibility monitoring.
- C: Reporting forms are used to collect data but not specifically to monitor eligible groups.
- D: Output record refers to the results of a process, not the monitoring of eligible groups.
A patient in Mindanao was diagnosed with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. The therapeutic regimen for the patient includes the following EXCEPT:
- A. Rapid replacement of plasma loss
- B. Aspirin for high fever
- C. Rapid fluid and electrolyte replacement
- D. Oxygen therapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Aspirin is contraindicated in Dengue Fever due to the risk of bleeding.
2. Rapid plasma loss replacement is crucial to prevent shock in DHF.
3. Rapid fluid and electrolyte replacement is vital to maintain hydration.
4. Oxygen therapy can help support respiratory function in severe cases.
5. Therefore, aspirin for high fever is incorrect due to the bleeding risk.
After 3 days, the nurse notes that James has chest indrawing and stridor. His mother returned him to the health center immediately. The nurse should:
- A. Change the medication to the second-line antibiotics
- B. Advise the mother to observe the child and continue giving the antibiotics
- C. Give the first dose of antibiotics and refer urgently
- D. Observe the child at the center
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because chest indrawing and stridor indicate respiratory distress, which can be life-threatening. Giving the first dose of antibiotics and referring urgently ensures prompt assessment and appropriate management by a higher-level healthcare provider. Changing medication without proper assessment (choice A) can delay necessary treatment. Advising to continue antibiotics (choice B) overlooks the urgency of the situation. Observing the child at the center (choice D) is not sufficient for managing respiratory distress.