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Which of the following is not one of the four categories related to client care plans?
- A. privacy
- B. evaluation
- C. diagnosis
- D. outcome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The four categories related to client care plans are diagnosis, intervention, outcome, and evaluation. Privacy is not typically considered a distinct category in client care plans, as it is more of a fundamental aspect that underlies all care provided to clients. Choices B, C, and D are directly related to the components of client care plans, making them incorrect answers in this context.
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During a hospital program about in vitro fertilization, a television crew arrives to film for a series on hospital services. What action should the nurse conducting the program take?
- A. Ask the television crew to interview the individuals attending the program individually.
- B. Allow the television crew to videotape the program as long as they do not publicize that the program is about in vitro fertilization.
- C. Explain to the television crew that videotaping is not allowed.
- D. Allow the television crew to videotape the program.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Privacy is a client's right to be free from unwanted intrusion into their private affairs. Videotaping constitutes an invasion of a client's privacy, and written permission is required from the client for actions such as photographing or videotaping. Therefore, the nurse must explain to the television crew that videotaping is not allowed to protect the attendees' privacy. Option A is incorrect as it still involves recording the individuals, breaching their privacy. Option B is incorrect because allowing videotaping without consent violates privacy rights. Option D is incorrect as it disregards the need for consent and privacy protection.
Which of the following provides the framework for confidentiality and the client's right to privacy?
- A. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
- B. CDC Surveillance Programs
- C. American Nurses Association Code of Ethics
- D. Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). HIPAA is the federal statute that outlines client confidentiality and the client's right to privacy. It establishes national standards to protect individuals' medical records and personal health information. The American Nurses Association Code of Ethics emphasizes principles of nursing ethics but does not serve as a legal framework for confidentiality and privacy. CDC Surveillance Programs focus on disease surveillance and control at a public health level and are not directly related to individual client privacy. The durable power of attorney for health care pertains to granting legal decision-making authority to another individual in healthcare matters, rather than addressing confidentiality and privacy rights.
An advance directive is written and notarized according to law in the state of Colorado. This document is legal and binding:
- A. internationally.
- B. in the state of Colorado only.
- C. in the continental United States.
- D. in the county of origination only.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'in the state of Colorado only.' Advance directive protocols and documents are specific to each state's laws and regulations. Choice A is incorrect as advance directives are not universally recognized internationally. Choice C is incorrect as the legal validity of an advance directive is limited to the state in which it was created. Choice D is incorrect as the legal reach of an advance directive typically extends throughout the state of origination, not just the county.
While assisting a healthcare provider in assessing a hospitalized client, the healthcare provider is paged to report to the recovery room. The healthcare provider instructs the nurse verbally to change the solution and rate of the intravenous (IV) fluid being administered. What is the most appropriate nursing action in this situation?
- A. Calling the nursing supervisor to obtain permission to accept the verbal prescription
- B. Asking the healthcare provider to write the prescription in the client's record before leaving the nursing unit
- C. Telling the healthcare provider that the prescription will not be implemented until it is documented in the client's record
- D. Changing the solution and rate of the IV fluid per the healthcare provider's verbal prescription
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Verbal prescriptions should be avoided due to the risk of errors. If a verbal prescription is necessary, it should be promptly written and signed by the healthcare provider, typically within 24 hours. Following agency policies and procedures regarding verbal prescriptions is crucial. In this scenario, the most appropriate nursing action is to request the healthcare provider to document the prescription in the client's record before leaving the unit. Calling the nursing supervisor to accept the verbal prescription without documentation, telling the healthcare provider to delay treatment until documented, and directly changing the IV fluid based on verbal orders all pose risks and do not align with best practices in medication administration.
An LPN on a Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) team is tasked with implementing strategies to reduce medication errors. Which of the following strategies would be most beneficial for the LPN to implement?
- A. Track individuals who commit medication errors and report them to administration.
- B. Remind staff of the five rights of medication administration.
- C. Ensure that all staff members are proficient in completing incident reports if a medication error occurs.
- D. Double-check that staff document medication administration in the electronic medical record.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most beneficial strategy for the LPN on a CQI team to implement is to ensure that all staff members are proficient in completing incident reports if a medication error occurs. Organized and accurate incident reports are crucial in tracking and understanding why errors occurred. CQI teams utilize incident reports to develop new policies or enhance existing ones to standardize medical processes and reduce errors. Tracking individuals with medication errors (Choice A) may create a culture of blame rather than focusing on system improvements. Reminding staff of the five rights of medication administration (Choice B) is important for knowledge reinforcement but does not directly address the process improvement aspect. Double-checking documentation in the electronic medical record (Choice D) is necessary for accuracy but does not provide the detailed insights obtained from incident reports for process improvement.