Nokea
Which of the following is not part of the central nervous system?
- A. Retina
- B. Spinal cord
- C. Brain
- D. Heart
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for processing and coordinating information. The retina is part of the eye, while the heart is part of the circulatory system. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Spinal cord' as it is not part of the central nervous system.
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Which structure is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system?
- A. Testes
- B. Urethra
- C. Prostate
- D. Penis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the Urethra. The urethra is a structure that plays a role in both the male reproductive system, by carrying semen, and the urinary system, by carrying urine. It serves as a common pathway for both reproductive and excretory functions in males. The Testes (Choice A) are part of the male reproductive system but not the urinary system. The Prostate (Choice C) is also part of the male reproductive system but not the urinary system. The Penis (Choice D) is primarily involved in the male reproductive system as the organ that delivers semen during sexual intercourse.
What is the name of the outermost layer of the skin?
- A. dermis
- B. epidermis
- C. subcutaneous tissue
- D. hypodermis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The epidermis is the correct answer as it is the outermost layer of the skin. It acts as a protective barrier against environmental factors and helps in regulating moisture balance. The epidermis is also where new skin cells are continuously formed and contains melanocytes responsible for skin pigmentation. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. The dermis is the layer beneath the epidermis, the subcutaneous tissue is the deepest layer of the skin, and the hypodermis lies below the dermis.
Which of the following structures is found in the upper respiratory system alongside the Pharynx?
- A. Larynx
- B. Trachea
- C. Pharynx
- D. Bronchi
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Larynx.' The larynx is indeed located in the upper respiratory system alongside the pharynx. Positioned below the pharynx and above the trachea, the larynx is crucial for breathing and sound production. The trachea and bronchi are part of the lower respiratory system and are situated below the larynx, making them incorrect choices in this context.
What is the function of the stomach in digestion?
- A. To absorb nutrients
- B. To break down food
- C. To secrete digestive enzymes
- D. To store glucose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To break down food.' The stomach's primary function in digestion is to break down food mechanically and chemically. It accomplishes this by mixing food with gastric acid and digestive enzymes, resulting in the formation of chyme, a semi-liquid mixture that moves on to further digestion in the small intestine. Choice A is incorrect because the absorption of nutrients occurs mainly in the small intestine, not in the stomach. Choice C is incorrect because while the stomach does secrete digestive enzymes like pepsin, its primary role is not just limited to enzyme secretion. Choice D is incorrect because the storage of glucose primarily occurs in the liver and muscles, not in the stomach.
What is the primary function of platelets?
- A. To fight infections
- B. To clot blood
- C. To carry oxygen
- D. To transport nutrients
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of platelets, or thrombocytes, is to clot blood. Platelets play a crucial role in hemostasis by forming clots to prevent excessive bleeding when injuries occur. They are not directly involved in fighting infections, carrying oxygen, or transporting nutrients. Therefore, the correct answer is B.