Nokea
Which of the following is not true about enzymes?
- A. They catalyze reactions
- B. They lower the activation energy needed
- C. They have an active site
- D. They are typically proteins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Enzymes lower the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur, not raise it. By lowering the activation energy, enzymes facilitate reactions, making them occur more easily and rapidly. Choice A is correct as enzymes indeed catalyze reactions. Choice C is correct as enzymes have specific active sites where substrates bind. Choice D is correct as enzymes are commonly proteins, although some RNA molecules also exhibit catalytic properties.
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Why doesn't an antibiotic work for treating the flu?
- A. The antibiotic is for a different type of infection
- B. The antibiotic is not effective against viruses
- C. The antibiotic is not prescribed in a high enough dosage
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, not viral infections like the flu. The flu is caused by a virus, and antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. Choice A is incorrect because it does not address the fact that antibiotics do not work on viruses. Choice C is incorrect as the issue is not related to the dosage amount, but rather the nature of the infection. Choice D is incorrect as there is a specific reason why antibiotics do not work for the flu.
The phases of mitosis include:
- A. Prophase, interphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
- B. Prophase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and cytokinesis
- C. Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
- D. Prophase, interphase, prophase, anaphase, and telophase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct phases of mitosis are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Prophase is the first phase where chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the mitotic spindle forms. Prometaphase follows prophase, involving the full disintegration of the nuclear envelope and the attachment of spindle fibers to the kinetochores of the chromosomes. Metaphase is where chromosomes align along the metaphase plate. Anaphase is the phase where sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles. Telophase marks the final stage of mitosis, involving the decondensation of chromosomes and the reformation of the nuclear envelope. Choice A is incorrect because it includes interphase, which is not a phase of mitosis. Choice B is incorrect as it repeats prophase, which is the initial phase. Choice D is incorrect because it includes interphase and repeats prophase.
How do animal cells divide?
- A. Through a contractile ring
- B. Via a cell plate
- C. Both methods
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Animal cells divide through a contractile ring made of actin and myosin filaments. The ring contracts, pinching the cell membrane in the middle to form two daughter cells. Plant cells use a cell plate due to their rigid cell walls, making choices B and C incorrect. Choice D is incorrect as animal cells do use the contractile ring method for division.
Enzymes can _ reactions.
- A. Catalyze
- B. Inhibit
- C. Stop
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Enzymes function as catalysts that promote and accelerate chemical reactions in biological systems. They do this by lowering the activation energy required for the reactions to occur, thereby speeding up the process without being consumed in the reaction. Enzymes facilitate reactions rather than inhibiting or stopping them. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Catalyze.' 'Inhibit' and 'Stop' are incorrect because enzymes do not hinder or halt reactions but rather enhance them.
Which system maintains the body's balance through the release of hormones directly into the bloodstream?
- A. The gastrointestinal system
- B. The endocrine system
- C. The digestive system
- D. The endocrine system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: The endocrine system. The endocrine system maintains the body's balance through the release of hormones directly into the bloodstream. Hormones produced by glands in the endocrine system regulate various bodily functions such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction. This system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by releasing hormones that help control and coordinate different processes in the body. Choices A, C, and B are incorrect. The gastrointestinal system is responsible for digestion, absorption of nutrients, and excretion of waste; the digestive system includes the gastrointestinal system and other accessory organs; and choice B is a duplicate of the correct answer.