Nokea
Which of the following is NOT true regarding ligand-gated ion channels?
- A. React quickly to a stimulus or ligand
- B. Can have intracellular binding sites
- C. Can exhibit allosteric binding
- D. Open or close in response to deformations in the cell membrane
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ligand-gated channels respond to ligands, not mechanical deformation (which is typical of mechanosensitive channels).
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Nicotine has a variety of effects on nicotinic receptors throughout the body. Which of the following is NOT an effect of nicotine?
- A. Vasodilation and decreased heart rate
- B. Increased secretion of gastric acid and motility of the GI smooth muscle
- C. Release of dopamine at the pleasure center
- D. Stimulation of the locus coeruleus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nicotine causes vasoconstriction and increased heart rate, not vasodilation.
Which statement is false of Domperidone
- A. Chemically related to haloperidol
- B. Pharmacologically related to metoclopramide
- C. Extra pyramidal symptoms are common
- D. It counteracts the emetic action but not the therapeutic effect in parkinsonism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Domperidone rarely causes extrapyramidal symptoms as it doesn't cross the blood-brain barrier.
The patient asks the nurse, Is it safe to take over-the-counter (OTC) medications with prescription medications? What is the nurses best response?(Select one that does not apply.)
- A. OTC medications can interact with prescription medications.
- B. It is important to tell your doctor all medications you take, including OTC.
- C. OTC medications could mask or hide signs and symptoms of a disease.
- D. You should avoid taking any OTC medication when taking prescription drugs.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: OTC medications can interact with prescription medications or other OTC so it is always important to consult your pharmacist and provider for advice. To provide the most accurate instruction, the health care provider must know all medications taken including dietary supplements, OTC, and prescription. OTC medications could mask or hide symptoms of a disease so it is always important to consult a physician if symptoms persist. OTC medications are not prohibited when taking prescription drugs as long as no drug interaction occurs.
The hypoglycemic mechanism of action of pioglitazone and rosiglitazon is:
- A. They are peroxisome proliferator activating receptor gamma (PPAR-Y) ligands and enhance absorption of glucose and fatty acid
- B. Enhance closure of ATP sensitive K+ channels and entrance of calcium in intracellular efflux via Ca2+ channels
- C. Decrease gluconeogenesis in the liver
- D. Increase tyrosine kinase activity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone activate PPAR-gamma, improving insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in tissues.
A nurse is teaching a client who has schizophrenia strategies to cope with anticholinergic effects of Fluphenazine. Which of the following should the nurse suggest to the client to minimize anticholinergic effects?
- A. Take the medication in the morning to prevent insomnia.
- B. Chew sugarless gum to moisten the mouth.
- C. Use cooling measures to decrease fever.
- D. Take an antacid to relieve nausea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chewing gum relieves dry mouth, a common anticholinergic effect of fluphenazine.