Nokea
Which of the following is related to recent attempts to find biochemical explanations for schizophrenia?
- A. schizotaxin
- B. psychotropin
- C. dopamine
- D. diazepam
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dopamine excess in the brain is a leading biochemical theory for schizophrenia, supported by antipsychotic efficacy.
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When undertaking care for a patient with an eating disorder, a nurse should first:
- A. perform a complete patient assessment.
- B. obtain a history from the patient's family.
- C. examine his or her own feelings about weight.
- D. question the patient as to when he or she last ate a meal.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because examining the nurse's own feelings about weight is essential to ensure they have a neutral and non-judgmental attitude towards the patient. This self-awareness helps the nurse avoid projecting biases onto the patient and fosters a therapeutic relationship. Performing a complete patient assessment (A) is important but not the first step. Obtaining a history from the patient's family (B) may be helpful but is not the initial priority. Questioning the patient about their last meal (D) is important but does not address the nurse's own attitudes and biases that could impact care.
According to family systems theory, removing the 'identified patient' from the environment most likely causes the:
- A. patient to decompensate, due to the loss of their support system
- B. patient to significantly improve, often with minimal or no additional therapy
- C. remaining family members to decompensate, as evidenced by new dysfunctional behavior
- D. remaining family members to lose motivation and withdraw from therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Family systems theory posits that removing the 'patient' shifts dysfunction to other members, revealing underlying systemic issues.
A female client with a psychotic disorder is experiencing olfactory hallucinations. Most likely, she would be complaining of:
- A. A vision that is disturbing to her
- B. A sound that is disturbing to her
- C. A smell that is disturbing to her
- D. A sense of touch that is disturbing to her
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because olfactory hallucinations involve perceiving smells that are not actually present. In a psychotic disorder, such hallucinations are common and can be disturbing to the individual. This is due to the sensory perception of smells that others cannot detect. Choices A, B, and D do not align with the experience of olfactory hallucinations. Vision (A) and sound (B) are not related to olfactory hallucinations, and a sense of touch (D) is not typically associated with this type of sensory distortion in psychotic disorders.
A victim of partner abuse, parent of one child, describes the partner as someone who is easily frustrated and more likely to be abusive after experiencing an event in which self-esteem is challenged. The most recent episodes of violence were related to feeling "upset"Â over a job loss. What type of therapy would provide the greatest help to the abuser?
- A. Voluntary individual or group therapy
- B. Court-ordered individual or group therapy
- C. Voluntary couples or family therapy
- D. Court-ordered couples or family therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Voluntary individual or group therapy. This type of therapy would provide the greatest help to the abuser because it focuses on addressing the underlying issues of frustration, self-esteem challenges, and abusive behavior. The key here is that the therapy is voluntary, which means the abuser is more likely to engage and actively participate in the process. In individual or group therapy, the abuser can explore and work on managing emotions, coping strategies, and developing healthier communication skills. Court-ordered therapy (choices B and D) may not be as effective because it could be seen as a punishment rather than a genuine effort to seek help. Couples or family therapy (choice C) may not be appropriate initially as the focus should be on the abuser's personal growth and behavior change.
Marty is a 15-year-old boy whose parents have brought him to a mental health clinic for evaluation. They are concerned because his grades have fallen and he has become angry and sometimes even violent. He spends long periods of time alone and does not want to see his friends. The parents report that he has never been a bad boy nor had problems in school. They are worried about the changes in his behavior. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
- A. Depression
- B. Running around with a tough crowd
- C. Normal adolescent phase
- D. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In addition to classic symptoms of depression, adolescents often display irritability and problems in school performance. This is not normal teen behavior. Because Marty has been functioning well in school up until now, it is unlikely that ADHD would be exhibited at this point.