Nokea
Which of the following is responsible for laws mandating the reporting of certain infections and diseases?
- A. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- B. individual state laws
- C. National Institute of Health Research (NIH)
- D. Health and Human Services (HHS)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Individual state laws mandate the reporting of infectious diseases. The list of reportable diseases varies from state to state and is overseen by state health departments.
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When caring for a client with hypocalcaemia, the nurse should assess for:
- A. A decreased level of consciousness
- B. Tetany
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Respiratory depression
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypocalcemia can cause tetany (muscle spasms or twitching) due to increased neuromuscular excitability.
The nurse is caring for a client with liver cirrhosis. Which of the following assessment findings would warrant immediate follow up?
- A. Black, tarry stool
- B. Bright red-streaked stool
- C. Light gray clay-colored stool
- D. Small, dry, rocky stool
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Black, tarry stool (melena) indicates upper gastrointestinal bleeding, a serious complication in cirrhosis due to portal hypertension or varices, requiring immediate intervention.
The nurse is caring for a 31-year-old gravida 2, para 1 woman who is in labor. The woman calls the nurse and says, 'My water has broken and I feel something between my legs.' The nurse looks and sees a loop of umbilical cord at the vaginal outlet. After signaling for help, what should the nurse do?
- A. Try to replace the cord with a sterile gloved hand
- B. Place the mother in knee-chest position
- C. Quickly apply manual pressure on the fundus
- D. Expect a rapid vaginal delivery
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Knee-chest position relieves pressure on the prolapsed umbilical cord, maintaining fetal oxygenation until emergency delivery. Replacing the cord or pressing the fundus worsens the situation.
A nurse is admitting a client at 42 weeks gestation to the labor and delivery unit for induction of labor. What is a predictor of a successful induction?
- A. Bishop score of 10
- B. Firm and posterior cervix
- C. History of precipitous labor
- D. Reactive nonstress test
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A Bishop score of 10 indicates a favorable cervix (soft, dilated, effaced, anterior), predicting a higher likelihood of successful induction.
The nurse is collecting data from a client with heart failure. The nurse notes that the client is agitated, has crackles bilaterally, and is reporting dyspnea and anxiety. The nurse should place the client in
- A. modified Trendelenburg position
- B. high Fowler position
- C. left Sims position
- D. supine position
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: High Fowler position optimizes lung expansion and reduces preload, alleviating dyspnea and crackles in acute heart failure exacerbation.