Nokea
Which of the following is stated in a living will?
- A. Legal consent regarding healthcare
- B. Designation of another person as healthcare proxy
- C. Wishes regarding healthcare if terminally ill
- D. Medical prescriptions for end-of-life instructions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A living will is a document that states a client's wishes regarding healthcare if the client is terminally ill. It is not necessarily a legal consent. A client may designate another person to be the medical durable power of attorney or healthcare proxy. Do-not-resuscitate orders contain written medical prescriptions for end-of-life instructions.
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The nurse has a client who is confused and disrupting the unit by screaming obscenities and making a lot of noise. The client has been medicated as prescribed but is not responding to the sedation. The other clients on the unit are reporting agitation. The nurse makes the decision to move the client to a location further down the hall where there are fewer clients. What theory of ethics is the nurse demonstrating?
- A. Utilitarianism
- B. Deontology
- C. The idea of rights
- D. Obligation of duty
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Utilitarianism is an outcome-oriented approach for decision making. There are two important principles: 'the greatest good for the greatest number' and 'the end justifies the means.' Deontology argues that consequences are not the only important consideration in ethical dilemmas. The idea of rights and the obligation of duty are not theories.
The LPN is working in a perioperative setting, and formalin is being used in an unvented room that could result in a health hazard to the other staff as well as clients. The nurse is aware that the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is an agency that will fine the hospital for this type of infraction. What type of law does the LPN understand empowers OSHA to regulate for the health, welfare, and safety of federal and state citizens?
- A. Common law
- B. Civil law
- C. Criminal law
- D. Administrative law
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Statutory law empowers regulatory agencies to create and carry out the laws. These federal and regulatory agencies practice administrative law, the rules and regulations that concern the health, welfare, and safety of federal and state citizens. For example, OSHA is the federal agency that develops the rules and regulations governing workplace safety. Common law is based on earlier court decisions, judgments, and decrees. Civil law applies to disputes that arise between individual citizens. Criminal law concerns offenses that violate the public's welfare.
A client has designated a family member as a person to make healthcare decisions for the client if the client is not able to do so. What type of advance directive is this considered?
- A. Power of attorney
- B. Do-not-resuscitate order (DNR)
- C. Living will
- D. Durable power of attorney (DPOA) for healthcare
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A client may designate another person to be the DPOA for healthcare or healthcare proxy. This person has the authority to make healthcare decisions for the client if the client is no longer competent or able to make these decisions. A general power of attorney does not give that designated person the ability to make healthcare decision. In a DNR order, the client wishes to have no resuscitative action taken in the event of a cardiac or respiratory arrest. A living will is a document that states a client's wishes regarding healthcare if the client is terminally ill.
Which of the following is an example of statutory law?
- A. Permission for care
- B. Consent for minor client
- C. Nurse practice act
- D. Inferring consent
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Statutory law is a law that any local, state, or federal legislative body enacts. An example of statutory law is the nurse practice act in each state. Clients sign a general permission for care and treatment on hospitalization. The parent or guardian should provide consent if the client is a minor to protect healthcare workers from being charged with battery. In an emergency, healthcare providers can infer consent.
The LPN has been fired from their job at the nursing home and reported to the state board of nursing for giving medication to a client without a physician's prescription. The LPN states not being aware that this was a violation of scope of practice. What is the LPN's responsibility regarding knowing how to practice within their scope?
- A. The nurse should call the state board and ask for a list of what LPNs can and cannot do.
- B. The nurse should access their state nurse practice act to determine the set standard for nurses in that state.
- C. The nurse should ask an RN what their scope of practice is.
- D. The nurse should ask another LPN what LPNs can and cannot do.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nurse practice acts define nursing practice and set standards for nurses in each state. These legal statues regulate the practice of nursing to protect the health and safety of citizens. Although each state has its own nurse practice act, they all share common components. The LPN should have accessed this information directly from the board website or asked for a written nurse practice act from the state of practice. The nurse practice act does not designate what specific tasks the nurse can and cannot perform. The LPN should not ask others who may not have the answers.