Nokea
Which of the following is the causative agent of East African trypanosomiasis?
- A. Trypanosoma cruzi
- B. Trypanosoma vivax
- C. Trypanosoma brucei rhodanese
- D. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Trypanosoma brucei rhodanese. East African trypanosomiasis is caused by Trypanosoma brucei, specifically the subspecies Trypanosoma brucei rhodanese. This parasite is transmitted by tsetse flies and infects humans, causing sleeping sickness. Trypanosoma cruzi (Choice A) causes Chagas disease, not East African trypanosomiasis. Trypanosoma vivax (Choice B) causes a different form of animal trypanosomiasis. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (Choice D) is responsible for West African trypanosomiasis, not the East African form. Therefore, the correct choice is C.
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When is a diagnosis of cholinergic crisis made?
- A. The patient's respiration is impaired because of muscle weakness.
- B. Administration of edrophonium (Tensilon) increases muscle weakness.
- C. Administration of edrophonium (Tensilon) results in improved muscle contractility.
- D. EMG reveals decreased response to repeated stimulation of muscles.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased muscle weakness after Tensilon indicates cholinergic crisis
A technique that has proven to be helpful in training individuals with amnesia, where people are prevented - as far as possible - from making any errors while learning a new skill or new information is known as:
- A. Mnemonic training.
- B. Errorless learning.
- C. Aquistion learning.
- D. Prevention training.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Errorless learning is a training technique used to help individuals with amnesia acquire new skills or information without making mistakes. By minimizing errors during the learning process, this method enhances memory retention and reduces the likelihood of incorrect information being stored. Errorless learning is particularly effective for individuals with memory impairments, as it leverages their residual learning abilities and promotes successful skill acquisition.
The nurse positions a client who is being treated for a fracture. Why should care be taken to position the client's joints in an anatomic alignment?
- A. To prevent deep vein thrombosis
- B. To facilitate the lung expansion and prevent the pooling of secretions
- C. To prevent the escalation of the pain and swelling
- D. To prevent damage to the peripheral nerves and the blood vessels
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Proper alignment prevents nerve and vascular damage.
When caring for the patient with CREST syndrome (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia) associated with scleroderma, what should the nurse teach the patient to do?
- A. Maintain a fluid intake of at least 3000 mL/day.
- B. Avoid exposure to the sun or other ultraviolet light.
- C. Monitor and keep a log of daily blood pressure (BP).
- D. Protect the hands and feet from cold exposure and injury.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cold protection prevents Raynaud's episodes.
Which of the following is not a realistic outcome to establish with a client who has multiple sclerosis (MS)? The client will develop:
- A. Joint mobility
- B. Muscle strength
- C. Cognition
- D. Mood elevation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: While joint mobility, cognition, and mood elevation can be improved or maintained, muscle strength is often progressively affected by MS and may not be fully restored.