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Which of the following is the most common reason for hospitalization in older adults?
- A. Osteoarthritis
- B. Stroke
- C. Pneumonia
- D. Heart failure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pneumonia. Older adults are more susceptible to pneumonia due to weakened immune systems and underlying health conditions. Pneumonia can lead to severe complications, requiring hospitalization. Osteoarthritis (A) primarily affects joints and does not typically lead to hospitalization. Stroke (B) and heart failure (D) are serious conditions but may not be as common for hospitalization as pneumonia in older adults. Pneumonia's impact on the respiratory system and its ability to progress rapidly make it the most common reason for hospitalization in this population.
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What is the most common cause of delirium in hospitalized older adults?
- A. Medication side effects
- B. Sleep deprivation
- C. Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- D. Electrolyte imbalances
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTIs are a common cause of delirium in hospitalized older adults due to their impact on the central nervous system. UTIs can lead to systemic inflammation and affect cognitive function, resulting in delirium. Other choices like medication side effects, sleep deprivation, and electrolyte imbalances can contribute to delirium but are not as common or direct as UTIs in this population.
The nurse is admitting a patient to a long-term care facility. During the admission, the patient verbalizes a concern about getting dementia now that he is in a nursing home. In which activities should the nurse encourage the patient to participate to maintain brain health?
- A. Physical exercise
- B. Stimulating mental activity
- C. Socialization
- D. Crossword puzzles
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Physical exercise. Engaging in physical exercise has been shown to improve blood flow to the brain, promote the growth of new brain cells, and enhance cognitive function. This helps maintain brain health and may reduce the risk of developing dementia. Other choices are not as directly related to brain health. B: Stimulating mental activity is important but not as effective as physical exercise in preventing dementia. C: Socialization is beneficial for overall well-being but does not have a direct impact on brain health. D: Crossword puzzles are a form of mental stimulation, but physical exercise has a greater impact on brain health.
An older man in a nursing home has high cholesterol (245 mg/dL). Which intervention helps him achieve the highest level of wellness?
- A. Instruct him about increasing dietary fiber.
- B. Ask the health care provider for a low-fat diet.
- C. Schedule a consultation for him with the dietitian.
- D. Review a menu with him to choose suitable foods.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because reviewing a menu with the older man allows for personalized food selection, taking into account his preferences and dietary restrictions. This approach promotes adherence to a healthy eating plan, leading to better cholesterol management and overall wellness.
Choice A is not the best option as simply instructing him to increase dietary fiber may not address his specific dietary needs. Choice B suggests asking the health care provider for a low-fat diet, which may not consider the individual's food preferences or cultural background. Choice C of scheduling a consultation with a dietitian is a good option, but it may not be as immediately accessible or practical as reviewing a menu together with the individual.
Define Ageism.
- A. Ageism is a form of prejudice in which older adults are stereotyped by characteristics found in only a few members of their group.
- B. Ageism is the discrimination against individuals who are younger than 65.
- C. Ageism is when younger people are overlooked in healthcare.
- D. Ageism is the positive stereotype that all older adults are wise.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
1. Ageism is defined as prejudice or discrimination against individuals based on their age.
2. Choice A accurately defines ageism by highlighting the prejudicial nature and stereotyping of older adults.
3. Choices B and C are incorrect as ageism can occur against any age group, not just those over 65 or younger people in healthcare.
4. Choice D is incorrect as ageism involves negative stereotypes, not positive ones like assuming all older adults are wise.
The nurse is performing an assessment on an older client. What would indicate a potential complication associated with the skin?
- A. Crusting
- B. Wrinkling
- C. Thinning/loss of elasticity
- D. Crusting
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Crusting. Crusting on the skin of an older client can indicate a potential complication such as an infection or skin condition. It suggests that there may be an issue with the skin's integrity, leading to the formation of crusts. Wrinkling (B) and thinning/loss of elasticity (C) are common age-related changes and not necessarily indicative of a complication. Choice D is a duplicate of choice A, so it is incorrect. In summary, crusting is a sign of a potential skin complication, while the other choices are more likely to be normal age-related changes.