Nokea
Which of the following is the most frequent cause of diarrhea and flatulance:
- A. Acarbose
- B. Glibenclamide
- C. Metformin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acarbose inhibits carbohydrate digestion in the gut, leading to increased fermentation by gut bacteria, causing diarrhea and flatulence.
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The mean weight of 500 college students is 70 kg and the standard deviation is 3 kg. Assuming that the weight is normally distributed, determine how many students weigh more than 90 kg.
- B. 5
- C. 10
- D. 15
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Z-score: (90-70)/3 = 6.67. P(Z > 6.67) is effectively 0 since it's far beyond the normal distribution's tail (P(Z < 6.67) ≈ 1), so 0 students, consistent with the document's calculation.
The following drug may be used to relieve bladder spasm after urologic surgery:
- A. Atropine
- B. Dicyclomine
- C. Glycopyrrolate
- D. Oxybutynin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oxybutynin, an antimuscarinic, reduces bladder spasms.
A nurse is caring for a patient taking multiple drugs and is concerned about a possible drug-drug interaction. What is the nurse's first and best means of avoiding this problem?
- A. Consult a drug guide.
- B. Call the pharmacist.
- C. Contact the provider.
- D. Ask another nurse.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Whenever two or more drugs are being given together, first consult a drug guide for a listing of clinically significant drug-drug interactions. Sometimes problems can be avoided by staggering the administration of the drugs or adjusting their dosages. Consulting the pharmacist is not wrong, but it would not be the first action to take. The nurse holds responsibility for his or her own practice so asking a health care provider or another nurse is based on the assumption that that professional is knowledgeable about all drug-drug interactions, which is likely not the case.
A patient requires 1,000 mL of IV fluid to be infused over 10 hours with a drop factor of 20 gtt/mL. What is the flow rate in drops per minute?
- A. 33 gtt/min
- B. 50 gtt/min
- C. 67 gtt/min
- D. 100 gtt/min
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Flow rate = (Volume Drop factor) ÷ Time in minutes = (1,000 mL 20 gtt/mL) ÷ (10 60) = 20,000 ÷ 600 = 33.33 gtt/min, rounded to 33 gtt/min.
How can the nurse find the most up-to-date information about emergency preparedness related to bioterrorism agents?
- A. Read textbooks devoted to the topic.
- B. Ask coworkers to explain current events.
- C. Read journal articles about bioterrorism agents.
- D. Visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Web site.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most current information will be found on the CDC Web site because new information can be posted immediately whereas textbooks and journal articles take time to print. Coworkers may or may not remain current on emergency preparedness and should not be the primary source of information.