Nokea
Which of the following is the preventive measure to osteoporosis development
- A. Iron rich food
- B. Daily jogging
- C. Calcium rich food and supplement
- D. Vigorous exercise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Calcium is essential for maintaining strong and healthy bones. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weakened bones, making them more prone to fractures. Consuming calcium-rich foods such as dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified foods can help prevent osteoporosis development. Additionally, incorporating calcium supplements under the guidance of a healthcare provider can further support bone health and reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Regular intake of adequate calcium is considered a crucial preventive measure for osteoporosis.
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A patient with a history of angina pectoris is prescribed nitroglycerin sublingual tablets for chest pain relief. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the patient regarding nitroglycerin administration?
- A. Swallow the tablet whole with water.
- B. Chew the tablet before swallowing.
- C. Place the tablet under the tongue until it dissolves.
- D. Apply the tablet to the skin over the chest area.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets are meant to be dissolved under the tongue to allow for rapid absorption into the bloodstream. Placing the tablet under the tongue helps to bypass the first-pass metabolism in the liver, leading to a quicker onset of action and chest pain relief. Chewing, swallowing, or applying the tablet to the skin will result in decreased effectiveness or delayed onset of action. Therefore, it is important for the patient to be instructed to place the nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue and allow it to dissolve for optimal therapeutic benefit.
A patient presents with a thyroid nodule and signs of compression such as difficulty swallowing and breathing. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy reveals a follicular pattern and colloid-filled spaces. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- B. Graves' disease
- C. Follicular adenoma
- D. Thyroid nodules
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient's presentation of thyroid nodule with compression symptoms like difficulty swallowing and breathing, along with fine-needle aspiration biopsy showing a follicular pattern and colloid-filled spaces, is highly suggestive of a follicular adenoma. Follicular adenomas are benign thyroid tumors that can cause compression symptoms due to their growth and size, leading to pressure on surrounding structures in the neck area. The presence of colloid-filled spaces in the biopsy is characteristic of follicular adenomas.
A 25-year-old woman presents with cyclic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia. On pelvic examination, the uterus is retroverted, and a tender, nodular mass is palpated behind the uterus. Which of the following conditions is most likely to be responsible for these findings?
- A. Endometriosis
- B. Adenomyosis
- C. Leiomyomas (uterine fibroids)
- D. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The scenario described, including cyclic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, retroverted uterus, and a nodular mass behind the uterus, is most indicative of endometriosis. Endometriosis is a gynecological condition in which tissue similar to the endometrium (the tissue that lines the uterus) is found outside the uterus, typically on structures within the pelvis. The presence of endometrial tissue in abnormal locations can lead to symptoms such as pelvic pain, especially during menstruation (dysmenorrhea), painful intercourse (dyspareunia), and the formation of nodular masses (endometriomas) that can be felt on pelvic examination. It is important to note that while adenomyosis and uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) can also cause pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea, the specific findings of retroverted uterus and palpable nodular mass behind
A patient with diabetes mellitus presents with polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia, and fatigue. Laboratory findings reveal hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and ketonuria. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Diabetic nephropathy
- B. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
- C. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
- D. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The presentation of a patient with diabetes mellitus showing symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia, and fatigue along with laboratory findings of hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and ketonuria is indicative of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA is a serious complication of diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketosis. The increased glucose levels lead to glycosuria, causing osmotic diuresis resulting in polyuria, polydipsia, and nocturia. The body starts breaking down fats for energy in the absence of sufficient insulin, leading to the production of ketones causing ketonuria. The patient may also experience fatigue due to the metabolic abnormalities present in DKA.
A rape victim tells the emergency nurse, I feel so dirty. Help me take a shower before I get examined. The nurse should:
- A. arrange for the victim to shower.
- B. give the victim a basin of water and towels.
- C. offer the victim a shower after evidence is collected .
- D. explain that bathing facilities are not available in the emergency department.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct response for the nurse in this situation would be to offer the victim a shower after evidence is collected. It is essential to preserve any physical evidence that may be present from the assault during the forensic examination. Allowing the victim to shower before evidence is collected could potentially compromise the evidence and hinder the investigation. The nurse should provide support to the victim during this difficult time and assure them that they will have the opportunity to shower once the necessary evidence is obtained. It is also crucial for the nurse to offer empathy and understanding while explaining the importance of preserving any evidence related to the assault.