Nokea
Which of the following is the PRIORITY action of the nurse for Sonny who is on Oxygen therapy?
- A. Check the flow.
- B. Connect the flow meter to the pipe in oxygen outlet
- C. Turn on the oxygen .
- D. Attach the humidifier and connecting tubing to the oxygen delivery device.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Checking the flow of oxygen is the priority action because it ensures that Sonny is receiving the correct amount of oxygen prescribed by the healthcare provider. Before connecting the flow meter to the oxygen outlet, turning on the oxygen, or attaching the humidifier, it is crucial to verify that the flow rate is appropriate for Sonny's condition. Monitoring and adjusting the oxygen flow will help maintain the desired oxygen saturation levels and prevent potential complications related to oxygen therapy.
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Radical abdominal hysterectomy involves the removal of which structure(s)?
- A. uterus and vagina
- B. uterus and fallopian tubes
- C. uterus and ovaries
- D. uterus, ovaries,ligaments and fallopian tubes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Radical abdominal hysterectomy involves the removal of the uterus, ovaries, ligaments (including round ligaments and uterosacral ligaments), and fallopian tubes. This extensive procedure is typically done for cases of invasive gynecologic cancers, most commonly cervical or ovarian cancer. The goal of radical hysterectomy is to remove as much of the cancerous tissue as possible to improve the chances of successful treatment and reduce the risk of cancer recurrence.
Betamethasone (Celestone) is prescribed to be administered and the patient asks nurse Hope about the purpose of this medication?
- A. Promote fetal lung maturity.
- B. Prevent the premature closure of the ductus arteriosus.
- C. Delay delivery for at 1east 48 hours.
- D. Stop the premature uterine contractions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Betamethasone (Celestone) is a corticosteroid medication that is commonly used to promote fetal lung maturity in pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery. Administering betamethasone to the mother helps accelerate the production of surfactant in the fetal lungs, which is essential for proper lung function and development. This medication is typically given to pregnant women between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation to reduce the risk of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. It does not prevent premature closure of the ductus arteriosus, delay delivery, or stop premature uterine contractions.
According to RA 9482 or the anti- Rabies Act of 2007, which of the following statement s regarding rabies post exposure prophylaxis is APPLICABLE?
- A. Have the dogs be regular ly vaccinated against rabies
- B. Do not allow the dog to roam the street.
- C. Put the dog in a leash when in a public place.
- D. The owner will assist the bite victim with the medical expenses . Situation - Roy, 65 years old, came to the outpatient clinic due to dyspnea, fever and on and off productive cough. He smokes one pack of cigarette per day for the last 30 years. The doctor ordered sputum examination, chest x-ray and blood culture.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: According to RA 9482 or the Anti-Rabies Act of 2007, one of the key components of rabies prevention is to have dogs regularly vaccinated against rabies. This is a crucial step in reducing the risk of rabies transmission from dogs to humans. By ensuring that dogs are vaccinated, the likelihood of rabies exposure is significantly decreased. Additionally, proper vaccination also helps protect the health and well-being of the dogs themselves. Therefore, ensuring regular vaccination of dogs is an applicable and important statement regarding rabies post-exposure prophylaxis as mandated by the law.
Which of the following cellular receptors is responsible for recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiating innate immune responses?
- A. Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
- B. B cell receptors (BCRs)
- C. T cell receptors (TCRs)
- D. Fc receptors
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of cellular receptors responsible for recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are molecular components commonly found on pathogens like bacteria and viruses. When TLRs recognize these PAMPs, they initiate signaling pathways that trigger the innate immune response, leading to inflammation, antimicrobial defense, and the activation of adaptive immunity. B cell receptors (BCRs) and T cell receptors (TCRs) are involved in adaptive immune responses and recognize specific antigens rather than PAMPs. Fc receptors primarily bind to the Fc portion of antibodies and are involved in antibody-mediated immune responses. Thus, TLRs specifically play a critical role in sensing and responding to pathogens through the recognition of PAMPs.
After positioning the patient for surgery, the nurse notices signs of pressure injury on the patient's heels. What should the nurse do?
- A. Apply pressure-relieving devices to the heels
- B. Document the findings in the patient's chart
- C. Reposition the patient to relieve pressure
- D. Notify the surgeon about the pressure injuries
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pressure injuries on the heels are a concern as they can develop quickly and lead to serious complications, especially in surgical patients who are immobile for extended periods. Applying pressure-relieving devices, such as heel protectors or foam dressings, can help alleviate the pressure on the affected areas and prevent further damage. These devices are designed to distribute pressure evenly and reduce the risk of pressure injuries. It is important for the nurse to address the issue promptly to prevent additional harm to the patient's skin integrity.