Which of the following is the proposed algorithm for the evaluation of causes of r′ in V1 and V2?
- A. Wernicke algorithm
- B. Vereckei algorithm
- C. Brugada algorithm
- D. Baranchuk algorithm
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Vereckei algorithm is commonly used for the evaluation of r′ in V1 and V2, helping to differentiate between causes of early repolarization.
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An 8-month-old infant has a hypercyanotic spell while blood is being drawn. What is the priority nursing action?
- A. Assess for neurologic defects
- B. Place the child in the knee-chest position
- C. Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- D. Prepare family for imminent death
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The first action is to place the infant in the knee-chest position. Blow-by oxygen may be indicated. Neurologic defects are unlikely. The child should be assessed for airway, breathing, and circulation. Often, calming the child and administering oxygen and morphine can alleviate the hypercyanotic spell.
Benign Rolandic seizures:
- A. Usually occurs at night
- B. Are difficult to control with drugs
- C. Centrotemporal spikes in EEG are a recognised feature
- D. Are more common than petit mal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Centrotemporal spikes on EEG are a hallmark feature of benign Rolandic epilepsy, a common childhood epilepsy syndrome.
Early features of heart failure in infancy include:
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Oedema
- C. Tachypnoea
- D. Hepatomegaly
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tachypnoea is an early indicator of heart failure in infants, as the body tries to compensate for reduced oxygenation by increasing the respiratory rate.
Hereditary angioneurotic oedema (HANE):
- A. Deficiency of CI esterase occurs
- B. Can present as recurrent abdominal pain
- C. C4 is increased
- D. Androgen agonists are helpful in management
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Deficiency of CI esterase occurs
Polycythaemia:
- A. Is a common cause of jaundice in the newborn
- B. Is significant if haematocrit > 65% on a capillary sample
- C. May cause apnoeas
- D. Exchange transfusion is the treatment of choice in symptomatic cases
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Polycythaemia is considered significant if the haematocrit exceeds 65% on a capillary sample, as it can lead to hyperviscosity and related complications.