Nokea
Which of the following is the result of central nervous system manifestations?
- A. Congestive heart failure
- B. Chorea
- C. Valve damage
- D. Pericarditis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chorea, a neurological condition, can be associated with rheumatic fever affecting the central nervous system.
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Which of the following nursing interventions should a nurse perform when caring for a client with congestive heart failure who has decreased cardiac output?
- A. Encourage activities that engage the Valsalva maneuver.
- B. Encourage the client to perform exercises.
- C. Assess apical heart rate before administering digitalis.
- D. Offer small, frequent feedings.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Digitalis therapy requires careful monitoring of heart rate to prevent toxicity and worsening cardiac output.
Which chronic respiratory condition is characterized by the narrowing and inflammation of the airways, leading to difficulty breathing?
- A. Asthma
- B. COPD
- C. Bronchitis
- D. Pneumonia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and narrowing, leading to difficulty breathing.
2. It is a chronic respiratory condition with symptoms like wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
3. Asthma exacerbations can be triggered by various factors like allergens or exercise.
4. Treatment includes bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory medications to manage symptoms.
5. COPD, bronchitis, and pneumonia involve different pathophysiological mechanisms and are not primarily characterized by airway narrowing.
Summary:
Asthma is the correct answer due to its specific features of airway inflammation and narrowing, distinct from COPD, bronchitis, and pneumonia, which have different underlying causes and symptoms.
The client on amiodarone develops pulmonary fibrosis. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Notify the healthcare provider immediately.
- B. Continue the medication and monitor lung function.
- C. Discontinue the medication and start oxygen therapy.
- D. Reduce the dose and monitor respiratory status.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Pulmonary fibrosis is a serious side effect of amiodarone.
2. Immediate notification of the healthcare provider is necessary to address this potentially life-threatening complication.
3. The healthcare provider will need to evaluate the client's condition, consider alternative treatments, and adjust the care plan accordingly.
Summary of incorrect choices:
B. Continuing the medication without intervention can worsen the pulmonary fibrosis.
C. Discontinuing the medication is necessary, but oxygen therapy alone may not address the underlying issue.
D. Reducing the dose may not be sufficient to manage the pulmonary fibrosis and delaying provider notification can lead to further complications.
During the assessment, the nurse identifies crackles in the lungs and an S3 heart sound. Which complication of MI should the nurse suspect and further investigate?
- A. Pericarditis
- B. Heart failure
- C. Ventricular aneurysm
- D. Papillary muscle dysfunction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Crackles and S3 indicate heart failure.
Which heart chamber receives venous blood returning to the heart via the superior and inferior vena cava?
- A. Right atrium
- B. Left atrium
- C. Right ventricle
- D. Left ventricle
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Right atrium. The right atrium receives venous blood returning to the heart via the superior and inferior vena cava. Blood from the body enters the right atrium through the vena cavae, then flows into the right ventricle and eventually gets pumped to the lungs for oxygenation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.