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Tips for Eating Calcium Rich Foods
Dairy: Beverage
• Include milk as a beverage at meals.
o Consider choosing fat-free or low-fat milk.
• Whole milk: consider a gradual shift to fat-free milk to lower saturated fat and calories. Start with reduced fat (2%), then low-fat (1%), and finally fat-free (skim).
• Cappuccinos or lattes: ask for them with fat-free (skim) milk.
Dairy: Meals
• Oatmeal and hot cereals: Try adding fat-free or low-fat milk instead of water
• Use fat-free or low-fat milk when making condensed cream soups (e.g., cream of tomato).
• Shredded low-fat cheese with casseroles, soups, stews, or vegetables
• Fat-free or low-fat yogurt with a baked potato
Dairy: Snack
• Have fat-free or low-fat yogurt as a snack.
o Make a dip for fruits or vegetables from yogurt.
o Make fruit-yogurt smoothies in the blender.
Dairy: Dessert
• Chocolate or butterscotch pudding with fat-free or low-fat milk.
• Cut-up fruit with flavored yogurt for a quick dessert.
Non-Dairy Products:
• Lactose Intolerance
o Lactose-free alternatives within the milk group (e.g., cheese, yogurt, or lactose- free milk)
o Consume the enzyme lactase before consuming milk products.
• Personal choice to avoid dairy:
o Calcium fortified juices, cereals, breads, and soy or rice beverages
o Canned fish (sardines, salmon with bones) soybeans and other soy products, some other dried beans, and some leafy greens.
Which of the following is true about calcium-rich foods? I. Canned salmon with bones contains calcium. II. Cheese is a lactose-free food. III. Condensed soup made with water is a calcium-rich food.
- A. I only
- B. I and II only
- C. II and III only
- D. III only
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'I only.' Canned salmon with bones contains calcium as the bones are a good source of calcium, making statement I true. However, statement II is false as cheese is not a lactose-free food. Statement III is also incorrect as condensed soup made with water is not necessarily a calcium-rich food. Other calcium-rich options include dairy products like milk, yogurt, and specific non-dairy products like calcium-fortified juices, canned fish with bones, soybeans, and leafy greens.
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The federal government regulates dietary supplements through the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The regulations for dietary supplements are not the same as those for prescription or over-the-counter drugs. In general, the regulations for dietary supplements are less strict.
To begin with, a manufacturer does not have to prove the safety and effectiveness of a dietary supplement before it is marketed. A manufacturer is permitted to say that a dietary supplement addresses a nutrient deficiency, supports health, or is linked to a particular body function (such as immunity), if there is research to support the claim. Such a claim must be followed by the words “This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.â€
Also, manufacturers are expected to follow certain good manufacturing practices (GMPs) to ensure that dietary supplements are processed consistently and meet quality standards. Requirements for GMPs went into effect in 2008 for large manufacturers and are being phased in for small manufacturers through 2010.
Once a dietary supplement is on the market, the FDA monitors safety and product information, such as label claims and package inserts. If it finds a product to be unsafe, it can take action against the manufacturer and/or distributor and may issue a warning or require that the product be removed from the marketplace. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is responsible for regulating product advertising; it requires that all information be truthful and not misleading.
The federal government has taken legal action against a number of dietary supplement promoters or Web sites that promote or sell dietary supplements because they have made false or deceptive statements about their products or because marketed products have proven to be unsafe.
What is the meaning of the word deceptive as it is used in the fifth paragraph?
- A. misleading
- B. malicious
- C. illegal
- D. irritating
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the context of the fifth paragraph, the word 'deceptive' is used to describe actions that are misleading or giving a false impression. It does not directly imply malice, illegality, or irritation, but rather that the actions are meant to mislead or deceive others. Choice A is correct as it aligns with the definition of 'deceptive' in this context. Choice B, 'malicious,' implies a deliberate intent to harm, which is not necessarily conveyed by the term 'deceptive' in this paragraph. Choice C, 'illegal,' does not capture the essence of misleading actions without specifically addressing the legality aspect. Choice D, 'irritating,' is unrelated to the meaning of 'deceptive' as used in this context.
The next three questions are based on the following advertisement.
Job Description:
Assistant City Attorney - City of Elm
The City of Elm is now hiring for the position of assistant City Attorney, litigation. Candidates must be members in Good Standing of the California Bar Association. Ideal candidates will have:
• at least 3 years litigation experience
• the ability to work both self-directed and as part of a team
• the ability to manage a large caseload
Competitive salary and excellent benefits offered. Position available immediately.
Send completed application to:
HR Department Attention Veronica Smith 1 City Center Plaza
Elm, California 95764
A 'competitive salary' is one that is
- A. Much less than salaries offered for comparable jobs
- B. Much greater than salaries offered for comparable jobs
- C. Similar to the average salary offered for comparable jobs
- D. Impossible to compare to the salaries offered for comparable jobs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A competitive salary is one that is similar to the average salary offered for comparable jobs. In the context of the job advertisement provided, a competitive salary is typically in line with what other employers are paying for similar positions to attract and retain the best talent in the industry. Choice A is incorrect because a competitive salary is not 'much less' than salaries offered for comparable jobs; it aims to be competitive. Choice B is incorrect as a competitive salary is not 'much greater' than salaries offered for comparable jobs; it aims to be fair and competitive. Choice D is incorrect as a competitive salary is not 'impossible to compare to' the salaries offered for comparable jobs; it is meant to be competitive and aligned with industry standards.
The loss of barrier islands through erosion poses a serious challenge to many communities along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. Along with marshes and wetlands, these islands protect coastal towns from major storms. In the past seventy years, Louisiana alone has lost almost 2,000 square miles of coastal land to hurricanes and flooding. More than 100 square miles of wetlands protecting the city of New Orleans were wiped out by a single storm, Hurricane Katrina. Due to this exposure of coastal communities, recent hurricane seasons have proven the most expensive on record: annual losses since 2005 have been estimated in the hundreds of billions of dollars. This unfortunate trend is likely to continue, since meteorological research shows that the Atlantic basin is in an active storm period that could continue for decades.
Which of the following choices represents the best label for this passage?
- A. definition essay
- B. cause/effect essay
- C. comparison essay
- D. persuasive essay
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The passage provides factual information and details about the loss of barrier islands due to erosion and its impact on coastal communities. It focuses on defining and describing the issue rather than analyzing causes and effects, making it best classified as a definition essay. Choice B, cause/effect essay, would require a deeper exploration into the causes and effects of the erosion. Choice C, comparison essay, would involve comparing different aspects or scenarios, which is not the focus here. Choice D, persuasive essay, aims to convince the reader of a particular viewpoint, which is not the purpose of this passage.
Stories have been a part of the world since the beginning of recorded time. For centuries before the invention of the printing press, stories of the world were passed down to generations through oral tradition. With the invention of the printing press, which made written material available to wide ranges of audiences, books were mass-produced and introduced into greater society.
For the last several centuries, books have been at the forefront of education and entertainment. With the invention of the Internet, reliance on books for information quickly changed. Soon, almost everything that anyone needed to know could be accessed through the Internet. Large printed volumes of encyclopedias became unnecessary as all of the information was easily available on the Internet.
Despite the progression of the Internet, printed media was still very popular in the forms of both fiction and non-fiction books. While waiting for an appointment, enduring a several-hour flight, or relaxing before sleep, books have been a reliable and convenient source of entertainment, and one that society has not been willing to give up.
With the progression and extreme convenience of technology, printed books are going to soon become a thing of the past. Inventions such as the iPad from Macintosh and the Kindle have made the need for any kind of printed media unnecessary. With a rechargeable battery, a large screen, and the ability to have several books saved on file, electronic options will soon take over and society will no longer see printed books.
Although some people may say that the act of reading is not complete without turning a page, sliding a finger across the screen or pressing a button to read more onto the next page is just as satisfying to the reader. The iPad and Kindle are devices that have qualities similar to a computer and can be used for so much more than just reading. These devices are therefore better than books because they have multiple uses.
In a cultural society that is part of the world and due to a longstanding tradition, stories will always be an important way to communicate ideas and provide information and entertainment. Centuries ago, stories could only be remembered and retold through speech. Printed media changed the way the world communicated and was connected, and now, as we move forward with technology, it is only a matter of time before we must say goodbye to the printed past and welcome the digital and electronic future.
Which of the following statements is an opinion?
- A. Despite the progression of the Internet, printed media was still very popular in the forms of both fiction and non-fiction books
- B. Although some people may say that the act of reading is not complete without turning a page, sliding a finger across the screen, or pressing a button to read more onto the next page is just as satisfying to the reader
- C. With the invention of the Internet, reliance on books for information quickly changed
- D. Stories have been a part of the world since the beginning of recorded time
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Statement B is an opinion because it expresses a personal viewpoint about the act of reading and satisfaction related to different reading formats. The phrase 'just as satisfying to the reader' reflects subjective feelings and preferences rather than objective facts. Choices A, C, and D are not opinions but statements of fact. Choice A discusses the continued popularity of printed media despite the Internet's advancement. Choice C talks about the change in reliance on books due to the Internet. Choice D states the historical presence of stories in the world, which is a factual statement about the past.
The next four questions are based on the following passage.
It could be argued that all American war movies take as their governing paradigm that of the Western, and that we, as viewers, don't think critically enough about this fact. The virtuous hero in the white hat, the evil villain in the black hat, the community threatened by violence; these are the obvious elements of the paradigm. In addition, the hero is highly skilled at warfare, though reluctant to use it, the community is made up of morally upstanding citizens, and there is no place for violence in the community: the hero himself must leave the community he has saved once the battle is complete. This way of seeing the world has soaked into our storytelling of battle and conflict. It's hard to find a U.S.-made war movie that, for example, presents the enemy as complex and potentially fighting a legitimate cause, or that presents the hero (usually the U.S.) as anything other than supremely morally worthy. It is important to step back and think about the assumptions and frameworks that shape the stories we're exposed to; if we're careless and unquestioning, we absorb biases and world views with which we may not agree.
Which of the following is part of the world view, with which we may not agree, that the author implies we might absorb from these movies if we're careless and unquestioning:
- A. Enemies of the U.S. do not ever fight for legitimate causes.
- B. The community is morally bankrupt.
- C. The U.S. is complex.
- D. The U.S. is not skilled at warfare.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Throughout the text, the author discusses how American war movies often portray U.S. enemies as lacking legitimate causes. This portrayal can lead to a simplistic view of global conflicts and perpetuate stereotypes. Choice B is incorrect as the text does not discuss the community being morally bankrupt. Choice C is incorrect as the focus is not on the complexity of the U.S. but on the portrayal of enemies and heroes. Choice D is incorrect as the text actually mentions that the hero in the movies is highly skilled at warfare.