Nokea
Which of the following is true of advanced directives?
- A. They should be appropriately documented in the client's chart.
- B. They are only applicable if the client has a terminal illness.
- C. They are required if the client is unconscious.
- D. They are non-legal requests.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is that advanced directives should be appropriately documented in the client's chart. Advanced directives are legal requests regarding a client's healthcare that come into effect under specific circumstances, regardless of the severity of their illness or level of consciousness. Choice B is incorrect because advanced directives can cover various healthcare decisions, not just terminal illnesses. Choice C is incorrect as advanced directives can be established and documented while the client is conscious, not only if they are unconscious. Choice D is incorrect because advanced directives are indeed legal requests, not non-legal requests.
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Which action by the nurse represents the ethical principle of benevolence?
- A. The nurse administers an immunization to a child even though it may cause discomfort
- B. The nurse follows a plan of care designed to relieve pain in a client with cancer
- C. The nurse provides equal amounts of care to all assigned clients on the basis of illness acuity
- D. The nurse upholds a client's decision to refuse chemotherapy for lung cancer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Benevolence is taking action to help others. In this scenario, administering an immunization to a child, even though it may cause discomfort, aligns with the principle of benevolence as the benefits of protection from disease outweigh the temporary discomfort. Fidelity refers to keeping promises made to clients, families, and other healthcare professionals. Autonomy is a person's independence, and respecting autonomy means agreeing to respect an individual's right to determine their course of action. Justice refers to fairness and equity, including the fair allocation of resources, such as nursing care for all clients. Choice B is incorrect as it pertains more to the ethical principle of beneficence rather than benevolence, which focuses on doing good for others without an expectation of something in return. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not directly align with the principle of benevolence.
A client asks a nurse about the procedure for becoming an organ donor. The nurse provides the client with which information?
- A. To speak with the chaplain about the psychosocial aspects of becoming a donor
- B. That this decision must be made by the next of kin at the time of the client's death
- C. That anatomic gifts must be made in writing and signed by the client
- D. To let the health care provider know about the request so that it may be documented in the client's record
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a person wishes to become an organ donor, they need to understand that anatomic gifts must be made in writing and signed by the individual. The gift must be made by the donor themselves, typically an individual who is at least 18 years old. If the client is unable to sign, the document should be signed by another person and two witnesses. While speaking to a chaplain or informing the healthcare provider may be part of the process, the essential step is to have a written document signed by the client. Choice A is incorrect as it does not address the procedural aspect of becoming an organ donor. Choice B is incorrect as the decision to make an anatomic gift is typically made by the individual themselves, not the next of kin. Choice D is incorrect as simply informing the healthcare provider is not sufficient for the procedure of becoming an organ donor; a written and signed document by the client is necessary.
The nurse is working the same shift two days in a row. On the first of these days, while caring for one assigned client, the client says, "Will you promise me you will be my nurse tomorrow?"? Which response is most appropriate?
- A. "Yes, I promise you I will be your nurse during my shift tomorrow."?
- B. "You will need to speak to my supervisor about this request."?
- C. "While I cannot promise that I will be your nurse tomorrow, I can talk to the charge nurse about this request."?
- D. "Because of confidentiality, I cannot discuss tomorrow's assignments with you."?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most appropriate response is to maintain confidentiality regarding work assignments. It is crucial to uphold patient privacy and not disclose information about staff schedules or assignments. Choices A, B, and C involve promising or redirecting the patient, which is not suitable in this situation. Choice D respects confidentiality and is the most professional response in this scenario.
A nurse monitoring a client with a chest tube notes that there is no tidaling of fluid in the water seal chamber. After further assessment, the nurse suspects that the client's lung has reexpanded and notifies the healthcare provider. The healthcare provider verifies with the use of a chest x-ray that the lung has reexpanded, then calls the nurse to ask that the chest tube be removed. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Explain the procedure to the client, then remove the chest tube.
- B. Call the nursing supervisor.
- C. Inform the healthcare provider that removal of a chest tube is not a nursing procedure.
- D. Obtain petrolatum-impregnated gauze and ask another nurse to assist in removing the chest tube.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take first is to inform the healthcare provider that removal of a chest tube is not a nursing procedure. Actual removal of a chest tube is the duty of a healthcare provider. If the healthcare provider insists that the nurse remove the tube, the nurse must contact the nursing supervisor. Some agencies' policies and procedures may permit an advanced practice nurse to remove a chest tube, but there is no information in the question to indicate that the nurse is an advanced practice nurse. Choice A is incorrect because the nurse should not proceed with removing the chest tube without proper authorization. Choice B is incorrect as calling the nursing supervisor should come after clarifying with the healthcare provider. Choice D is incorrect as the nurse should not begin the process of removing the chest tube without proper guidance and authorization.
The nurse is caring for a non-English speaking client. The surgeon has asked the nurse to hurry up and prepare the client for their scheduled procedure, which is running late. Which of the following is least appropriate?
- A. Explain to the client's family member that the procedure may be delayed further.
- B. Inform the surgeon that the procedure will be delayed further because getting a staff interpreter will take additional time.
- C. Allow the client's family member to serve as the interpreter.
- D. Ask if a phone-service interpreting service is available to expedite the client preparation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Allowing the client's family member to serve as the interpreter is the least appropriate option. It is not recommended to rely on family members for interpretation as they may not be impartial, accurate, or trained to handle sensitive medical information. This can lead to misunderstandings, breaches in confidentiality, and compromised care. Choice A is a better option as it involves communication with the family member to manage expectations. Choice B is also appropriate as it prioritizes the need for a professional interpreter to ensure accurate communication. Choice D is a valid option as it explores the possibility of using a phone-service interpreting service to facilitate communication efficiently.