Nokea
Which of the following is true of hypotheses of the form 'All x and y'?
- A. Something that is neither x nor y disproves the hypothesis.
- B. Something that is both x and y disproves the hypothesis.
- C. Something that is x but not y disproves the hypothesis.
- D. Something that is y but not x disproves the hypothesis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. According to the passage, when encountering evidence that disproves a hypothesis of the form 'All x and y,' something that is x but not y can disprove the hypothesis. Using the example provided in the passage, a monkey (x) that has no hair (not y) would disprove the hypothesis 'All monkeys are hairy.' Choice A is incorrect because something that is neither x nor y is not specifically mentioned in the passage to disprove such hypotheses. Choice B is incorrect because the passage states that something that is both x and y confirms the hypothesis, not disproves it. Choice D is incorrect as the passage does not discuss something that is y but not x disproving the hypothesis; it focuses on x but not y as evidence to disprove the hypothesis.
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Which event is out of sequence in the story?
- A. Installing the dog run in the backyard.
- B. Enrolling the dog in obedience classes.
- C. The physical exam confirming the dog's health.
- D. The dog's next obedience class.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the story describes the sequence of events after adopting the dog. After bringing Robin home, the sequence includes confirming her health with a physical exam, buying supplies, installing a dog run, and then taking her to the vet. Enrolling her in obedience classes is mentioned to start the following week, making it the next logical step. Therefore, the detail about the dog's next obedience class is not out of sequence. Choices A, B, and C are all in the correct sequence according to the events described in the story.
What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
- A. One hairy monkey proves the hypothesis 'All monkeys are hairy.'
- B. The same piece of evidence can both confirm and disconfirm a hypothesis.
- C. Confirming and disconfirming evidence affect hypotheses differently.
- D. The scientific method is not a failsafe method for arriving at objective truth.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The main idea of the second paragraph is that confirming and disconfirming evidence can affect hypotheses differently, as stated in the passage - 'Single pieces of evidence then, seem to affect a given hypothesis in radically different ways.' Choice A is incorrect because the paragraph discusses how single pieces of evidence affect hypotheses, not that one hairy monkey proves a hypothesis. Choice B is incorrect as the paragraph focuses on the different effects of evidence on hypotheses, rather than its ability to confirm and disconfirm simultaneously. Choice D is incorrect as the paragraph does not primarily discuss the scientific method's failings but rather the impact of evidence on hypotheses.
Which of the statements reflect information that one could reasonably infer based on the author's tone?
- A. The author's tone is persuasive and attempts to call the audience to action.
- B. The author's tone is passionate due to excitement over the subject and personal narrative.
- C. The author's tone is informative and exhibits interest in the subject of the study.
- D. The author's tone is somber, depicting some anger at the state of insect larvae.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The statement 'The author's tone is persuasive and attempts to call the audience to action' reflects information that one could reasonably infer based on the author's tone. The use of persuasive language and an attempt to call the audience to action suggests that the author is trying to convince or motivate the readers to take a specific course of action. This inference is based on the author's choice of words and the overall tone of the text. Choice B is incorrect as it introduces the idea of excitement and personal narrative, which are not clearly indicated in the author's tone. Choice C is incorrect as although the author may be informative, the focus is on persuasive language rather than merely providing information. Choice D is incorrect as it introduces emotions like anger and somberness, which are not explicitly conveyed in the author's tone.
What type of writing is used in the passage?
- A. narrative
- B. persuasive
- C. expository
- D. technical
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The passage is expository because it presents information about 'The Five' group of Russian musicians and their contributions to classical music. It provides details about the background, works, and influence of each member of the group without telling a story, providing instructions, or attempting to persuade the reader. Choice A (narrative) is incorrect because the passage does not tell a story but rather presents factual information. Choice B (persuasive) is incorrect because the passage does not try to persuade the reader but instead informs about the musicians. Choice D (technical) is incorrect because the passage does not focus on technical details or procedures but rather on historical and musical information.
Based upon the contextual evidence provided in the passage above, what is the meaning of the term enterprise in the third paragraph?
- A. Company
- B. Courage
- C. Game
- D. Cause
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the third paragraph, the term 'enterprise' is used in the context of a group of travelers embarking on a journey together. In this context, 'enterprise' refers to a company or a group of people rather than courage, game, or cause. The word 'enterprise' is commonly used to denote a business organization or company, aligning with the idea of a group traveling together for a common purpose. 'Courage' and 'cause' do not fit the context of the travelers' journey, and 'game' is unrelated to the activities described in the passage.