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Which of the following is true of optical microscopy?
- A. Utilizes scanning electrons
- B. Utilizes visible light
- C. Utilizes dye for samples
- D. More than one of the above is true
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'More than one of the above is true.' Optical microscopy utilizes visible light (Choice B) and often involves the use of dyes for samples (Choice C). Using dyes helps enhance contrast, making it easier to visualize the structures being observed. Choice A is incorrect as optical microscopy does not utilize scanning electrons, but rather visible light.
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72 chromosomes undergo meiosis. How many chromosomes will be in each gamete?
- A. 18
- B. 36
- C. 72
- D. 144
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During meiosis, the number of chromosomes is halved in each gamete. Since 72 chromosomes undergo meiosis, each gamete will contain half of that number, which is 36 chromosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is 18 chromosomes in each gamete. Choice B (36 chromosomes) is incorrect because it represents the total number of chromosomes that undergo meiosis, not the number in each gamete. Choice C (72 chromosomes) is incorrect as it represents the initial number of chromosomes, not the number in each gamete after meiosis. Choice D (144 chromosomes) is incorrect as it doubles the initial number of chromosomes, which is not the outcome of meiosis.
Why doesn't an antibiotic work for treating the flu?
- A. The antibiotic is for a different type of infection
- B. The antibiotic is not effective against viruses
- C. The antibiotic is not prescribed in a high enough dosage
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, not viral infections like the flu. The flu is caused by a virus, and antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. Choice A is incorrect because it does not address the fact that antibiotics do not work on viruses. Choice C is incorrect as the issue is not related to the dosage amount, but rather the nature of the infection. Choice D is incorrect as there is a specific reason why antibiotics do not work for the flu.
Why do cells need to use exocytosis?
- A. To obtain energy
- B. To defend against invaders
- C. To remove waste products
- D. To undergo division
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cells need to use exocytosis to remove waste products from the cell. Exocytosis is a process where cells release molecules or substances outside the cell by fusing vesicles with the cell membrane. This process is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis by efficiently eliminating waste materials. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because exocytosis is specifically involved in the expulsion of molecules, not for obtaining energy, defending against invaders, or cell division.
Which of the following is not true about antibiotics?
- A. They can interfere with the bacteria's ability to survive
- B. They can affect how bacteria multiply
- C. They can cause more bacteria to grow
- D. They only work on bacteria
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Antibiotics do not cause more bacteria to grow. They work by interfering with the bacteria's ability to survive, affecting how they multiply, or killing the bacteria cells. Antibiotics specifically target bacteria, so they do not promote the growth of more bacteria. Choices A, B, and D are true statements about antibiotics as they accurately describe how antibiotics work and their specific action on bacteria.
How does asexual reproduction differ from sexual reproduction?
- A. asexual reproduction results in all cells being identical to the original cell; sexual reproduction results in half of the cells being identical to the original cell
- B. asexual reproduction results in two cells that contribute genetic material to daughter cells, resulting in significantly greater variation
- C. sexual reproduction involves two cells that contribute genetic material to daughter cells, resulting in significantly greater variation
- D. sexual reproduction involves one cell that yields all cells produced to be identical
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sexual reproduction involves two cells (gametes) that contribute genetic material to daughter cells, resulting in significantly greater genetic variation in the offspring. This genetic variation is essential for evolution and adaptation to environmental changes. In contrast, asexual reproduction involves one cell dividing to produce offspring that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Choice A is incorrect because sexual reproduction does not result in half of the cells being identical to the original cell; it involves two cells contributing genetic material. Choice B is incorrect because asexual reproduction does not result in significantly greater variation; it produces genetically identical offspring. Choice D is incorrect because sexual reproduction involves two cells contributing genetic material, not one cell yielding all identical cells.