Nokea
Which of the following is/are involved in determining a person's total blood volume?
- A. Age
- B. Body type
- C. Sex
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Blood volume (~5L) varies with age, body size, and sex (D), averaging 70 ml/kg.
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The major function of red blood cells is
- A. nutrient transport
- B. cytokine stimulation
- C. blood cell proliferation
- D. gas transport
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: RBCs primarily transport oxygen and CO2 (D) via hemoglobin. Nutrients (A), cytokines (B), and proliferation (C) are not their roles.
Substance that hydrolyzes fibrin strands and dissolves blood clots
- A. Thrombin
- B. Fibrinogen
- C. Plasmin
- D. Heparin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Plasmin (C) degrades fibrin, dissolving clots.
Clusters of neurons in the medulla oblongata that regulate blood pressure are known collectively as
- A. baroreceptors
- B. angioreceptors
- C. the cardiomotor mechanism
- D. the cardiovascular center
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The cardiovascular center (D) in the medulla regulates BP via autonomic signals. Baroreceptors (A) are sensors, not neurons; B and C are incorrect terms.
Which type of white blood cell plays a major role in immunity?
- A. Monocytes
- B. Eosinophils
- C. Lymphocytes
- D. Basophils
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lymphocytes (C) (T/B cells) are central to adaptive immunity.
A hormone that is significantly involved in regulation of blood volume is:
- A. ACTH
- B. osmoretic hormone
- C. ADH
- D. LH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) regulates blood volume by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys, increasing plasma volume. ACTH affects cortisol, and LH is reproductive; 'osmoretic hormone' is not a standard term.